Studies Flashcards
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Milgram
RULE OF 4 $4.50 40 MALES (20-50), 450V (65%) 4 PRODS RTS 16% REGRET 100% to 300 volts 315V silence 66% FEMALES/ 65% MALES
Milgram variations
TELEPHONE: TTTF 22.5% BRIDGEPORT OFFICE BLOCK: FE 48% "ORDINARY" ("random") MAN: T 20%
Hofling
OAT
Overdose, (un)authorised, Telephone.
21/22 nurses
Bickman
SNM
Security guard, Normal clothes, Milkman.
Sheridan and King
7/13 males obeyed to max voltage, 13/13 females obeyed.
Kilham and Mann
MA-SF-FM
Milgram experiment in australia, 16% females obeyed, 40% males obeyed,28% average
Blass
MAGE
Meta analysis showed gender obedience equal
Other Prejudice/obedience theories and studies
PASSAGE ACC
Proximity, Authority power, Social impact theory, Social identity theory, Authoritarian personality, Gender, jane Elliot, locus of Control, Agency theory, Culture,
Sherif
ST
7% inter-group friendships to 30% inter-group friendships.
S1: swimming, hiking, rattles/eagles S2: baseball, tug of war, touch football, treasure hunts. medals and pocket knives S3: eat together, superordinate goals of fixing a water tank, paying for a film and fixing a bus.
Burger
SST
70% baseline
63.3% modelled refusal
MSM
Sensory register modality specific, attention.
STM, rehearsal, acoustic, LTM, semantic
Reconstructive memory evidence
Bartlett’s war of the ghosts story, Carmichael et al, (label meant image was recalled differently).
Long term memory
Episodic memory are reliant on time referencing/context.
Remember in one continues memory, semantic is fragmented.
WMM
CE, VSSP, PL (PS AND ARS)
Case studies
HM: Brain surgery, normal STM, could not make new long term memories.
KF: motorcycle (poor short term memory, maximum of two words)
KC: semantic memory intact, poor episodic memory. Motorcycle accident
Both above oppose MSM
Allport and Postman
Black wealthy man turned into theif
Baddeley 1966a
acoustically similar words hard to remember short term
Semantically similar hard to remember long term
4 learning trials(learn words, digit recall, recall words), interference task, surprise.
Baddeley and Hitch
2 tasks FL
letter F plus laser pointer to follow moving light on screen.
HSAM
AH JP
Aurelien Hayman and Jill Price
Schmolck et al
24ATC
24 animals and 24 object tests. 8 control, MTL (hippocampus damage), MTL+ (same plus anterolateral temporal cortex) +HM
Rat park experiment
large colony of rats where put in rat heaven and compared them to isolated rats who took more of the drugged water than the other rats. (19 times more)
THE rat study
rats injected self with heroin by pressing a lever.
Brain lateralisation
Left brain:logic facts, language
Right brain: creativity, feelings, daydreaming
PG
Phineas Gage: iron rod blasted through his skull damaging pre-frontal cortex.
Rain
41 control, 41 murders, 6 schizophrenia FOFOS medication free 2 weels PET scan lower in Prefrontal asymmetrical activity in amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus (last 2 can't prevent learning) (on the right)
Charles Whitmen
Killed familiy and a dozen strangers. brain tumour on amygdala (centre of emotions)
Evoultion?
Males developed in the EEA to be more aggressive
Townsend
Found women regarded men who where dominant as attractive
Males have 8 times the testrone was founded by
D’Andrade; both pre and post natally
ego and superego development
age 2, then 3-6
Wagner et al
Castrated rats to lower aggression (No. of bites)
Hawke (1951)
Castrated sex offenders which lowered aggression and sex drive.
Table of statistical tests
nominal, independent: chi square>
ordnial, independent Mann whitney<
Repeated, Wilcoxon<
Correlation, spearman>
Scans
fMRI: measure function
PET scan: function and structure
CAT scan: structure
Kety
DARC Danish adoption register Copenhagen TFTTFST 34 with schizophrenia, 33 without. (matched pairs), 463 relatives. 4 psychologist diagnosed 4 cases inconclusive 459 in total (rule of 4) more in bio as well as SSD ESON 8.7 vs 1.9 (5 times)
Brendgen et al
234 twin pairs from Quebec Newborn Twin Study teacher questionnaire peers circle most likely 50-60% of physical aggression is genetic. 20% socail aggression
Pavlov
35 dogs, 20 times paired with sound,
9 seconds after sound
45 seconds>11 drops
TFTZNFFOO
Bandura
1961: 72 children (3)
1963: 96 children (4)
1965: 66 children (3)
Watson and Rayner
little Albert: 9 months $1 for participation 11 moths conditioned with fear 17 days: generalisation 31 withdrawn
Capafons et al
41 participants recruited 20 recieved treatment, 21 control
8 weeks (12-15 hours)
18/20