Clinical Revision

Question 1

Schizophrenia Dopamine Hypothesis Claim.

Answer 1

Claim: schizophrenia is caused by hypersensitive dopamine receptors or an excess of dopamine receptors leading to high levels of dopamine.
Mesolimbic system = positive symptoms
Mensocortical symptoms = Negative symptoms

Question 2

Schizophrenia Dopamine Hypothesis Opposition

Answer 2

• This theory is based on animals which can’t get psychosis.
• Cannot establish cause an effect.
• Alpert and Friedhoff found some people don’t improve after dopamine antagonist

Question 3

Schizophrenia Dopamine Hypothesis Application

Answer 3

This can be used to give schizophrenia suffers anti-psychotic drugs

Question 4

Schizophrenia Dopamine Hypothesis Supporting Evidence.

Answer 4

• When people take amphetamines people experience symptoms of psychosis (Parkinson example)
• Owen et al found schizophrenia suffers have higher levels of dopamine receptors in the cerebral cortex.
• Liverman et al found 75% of schizophrenics had more sever symptoms after amphetamines

Question 5

Schizophrenia Dopamine Hypothesis Different theory

Answer 5

• Brown and Birely found 50% of patience’s reported a major life 3 weeks prior to the condition. environmental factors.
• Glutamate in low levels can also lead to schizophrenia

Question 6

Schizophrenia Genetics Claim

Answer 6

Schizophrenia is caused by genetic inheritance.

Question 7

Schizophrenia Oppoising

Answer 7

MZ twins only have 40-50% concordance rates despite identical genetics.

• Brown and Birley event.
• Family studies have higher concordance rates due to shared environment.

Question 8

Schizophrenia Genetics Application

Answer 8

-Led to research into genetics and schizophrenia. Could cause a cure or at least warn someone who is at risk.

Question 9

Schizophrenia Genetics Supporting

Answer 9

• Gottesman: MZ twins 48% chance to both have schizophrenia whilst only 27% for DZ twins.
• Tienari: 6.7% adopted children had schizophrenia when they’re mothers had schizophrenia compared to 2% without schizophrenic mothers
• Sekar: Found C4 gene increased the risk of schizophrenia across 30 different countries using 100,000 DNA samples.

Question 10

Schizophrenia Genetics Different theory

Answer 10

Dopamine hypothesis and environmental stress.

Question 11

Schizophrenia Social Causation Claim

Answer 11

Schizophrenia is a result of social stressors and social class. Those in lower class are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Question 12

Schizophrenia Social Causation Opposition

Answer 12

• Can’t establish cause and effect
• Environmental stressors are not always present (Brown and Birley)
• Diafnosis issue, lower class job could just offer more chance to see a doctor.

Question 13

Schizophrenia Social Causation Application

Answer 13

Assertive community therapy and supportive health care services can target environmental stressors to help the individuals cope so symptoms are reduced.

Question 14

Schizophrenia Social Causation Supporting

Answer 14

Cooper found single men in unskilled labour jobs are 4.1 times more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to managerial jobs.

• Gottesman only found 48% concordant rates toward MZ twins
• Mortensen found people living in the city are 2 times more likely than people in rural areas to be diagnosis with schizophrenia.