Studies Flashcards
Pavlov aim
Investigate if unconditioned response is linked neutral stimulus causing learning of a conditioned response
Pavlov procedure
Placed dog in a box > couldn’t hear or smell anything > control extraneous variables
Measure Dv> tube attached to dog mouth measure the saliva produced >NS ( bell) was paired with the UCS(food) [ 20×] > Causing UCR ( saliva ) > tried without food > 9seconds after bell> 11 saliva drops> showing UCS paired w NS = Production of saliva ( CR)
How was pavlov controlled
The dog was put in a box to prevent smell or sounds from getting in - extraneous variables
What was the dv of pavlov study
Attached a tube to the dogs mouth to measure the amount of saliva produced ( ucr /cr)
How was the Cs made and how did it affect the Cr
Paired Bell( Ns) with Food( ucs) 20× 9seconds after 11 drops of saliva
How many time was NS paired with UCS
How many seconds did it take for CR
How many drops of saliva ( with or without UCS
20×
9 seconds
11 saliva drops without Ucs
Watson and rayner aim
Investigate if fear could be acquired by classical conditioning
Who was the participant for Watson and rayner
9 month old baby Albert
Session 1 of Watson and rayner
l
Albert - measure his initial emotional response
Presented white rat dog and cotton wool(ns)
No fear response
Exposed to loud noise (ucs) Albert’s response was crying (UCR)
7 trial= fear and avoid rat
Session 2 of w and rayner
Week later Albert was exposed to the rat paired with loud noise 5x
Tested w wooden block= no fear
Showing he wasn’t getting more general fear but just loud noise And rat
Session 3 of w and rayner
Albert was shown a range of objects = rabbits dog santa mask had resemblance to white dog
Session 4 of w and rayner
Albert was moved to different room
Ensure rat= afraid
Room = no fear
Albert was afraid of rat in all rooms
Session 5 of w and rayner
Albert tested a month later
He was still afraid of rat a month later by crying including other objects like dog
Conclusion of w and rayner
Easy to condition an emotional response to a neutral stimulus
Recall questions
How old was Albert?
Give 3 objects he was tested with?
What was the loud noise?
How much time pasted for session 2 to take place ?
How many times what’s he exposed to rat paid with Loud noise
What was the control he was tested with ?
How much time pasted for session 5 to take place?
How many trials did it take for Albert to be conditioned to fear rat?
1)9 months
2) Rabbit dog santa mask
3) hammer hitting bar
4) a week
5) 5x
6) wooden block and room change
7) month
8) 7 trials
Session 5
Tested his final response tk all objects rats dog etc
Crying and afraid
Bandura et al study 1961- aim
Investigate:
Aggression acquired by observed behaviour
Boys more prone to acquiring aggressive behaviour
What is the experiment design for bandura
Independent groups design
Who were the participants and where did they come from
36 boys / 36 girls Stafford University nursery
How many experimental groups were they and wht were they
3
24 observing aggressive role model
24 observing non aggressive role model
24 observing no model
Procedure of bandura 61
Observation
Aggressive role model: Children saw adult beat the bobo doll using a mallot “pow”
Non Aggressive: Children saw him play with toy
How did the children behave after observation of model qnd how did we find this
Reproduction
Children play with toys in a room
Children taken to another room and told they couldn’t play with toy= triggers Children makes them angry
Children placed in another with a range of toys ( bobodoll) and were covertly observed
Findings of bandura 61
Boys more aggressive than girls
The most aggressive group
M.child w M. Model aggressive group
Conclusion of bandura 61
They generalise aggressive acts toward everything as they were taught behaviour can be learnt via imitation
Bandura 61
Original
Bandura 65
Punishment / reinforcement toward model
Procedure of bandura variation 63
See if filmed model would have the same effect on children aggression as live model
See if cartoon has the same effect on children aggression
48 boys girls
Finding of bandura 63
Different between 3 experiments = insignificant
But more aggression than control
Watching violent shows = more aggression
Aim of bandura variation 65
Wanted to see how punishment or reinforcement to aggressive model would affect children aggression
Procedure of bandura variation 65
Children saw model praised for beating bobo doll > get chocolate
Children saw model punished for beating bobo doll> spanked
Control > neither punished or reinforced
Findings of bandura variation 65
Model punished> children less aggressive than other two groups
When offered reward aggression when up
What is ur contemporary study
Becker at el
Aim of Becker at el
Investigate how the influence of TV would affect the eating habits of 17 Yr old Fijian girls
How did they measure eating habits of Fijian girls
Via EAT -26 questionnaire and interview data
What was group 1 and group 2 Becker et al
Group 1- data was collected before western TV became widespread
Group 2- collected after 1998
What did they measure in the girls and what happened after
Becker at el
Height and weight
Girls with tendencies of dysfunctional eating based on the Eat -26 would get a further interview
What questions was asked to the 1998 group Becker at el
Do you think you should eat less ?
What was the qualitative findings Becker et al quote
Found that when they see some characters are very fit un their body and they try to be like that and then try to be like that characters
Finishings of Becker at el
Increase in TV ownership ( )
Increase in vomiting behaviour
What was the percentage increase in vomiting and TV ownership
Vomiting- 11.3
Tv-77
Conclusion of Becker at el
TV does have an impact on women’s eating standards
Overall procedure of becker at el
Girls in different groups
Group 1 before western TV became main stream
Group 2 after 1998
Given EAT- 26 questionnaire and interviewed them
Then measured their height and weight
Those who had tendencies of dysfunctional eating due to Eat-26 got a futher interview
And we’re asked “ do you think you should eat less “
We found that TV ownership and vomiting behaviour increases
We also found that “ when they see some characters are very fit in their body and then try to be like that and try to be like that character”
Overall TV does have an impact on women eating habits
What is your classic study
Watson and rayner
Bandura 63
Filmed model
Cartoon variation
