studies

Question 1

Decreased prison use 1800s

Answer 1

1851-14,000
1881- 5,500

Question 2

Pre Factory Act, percentage of workforce under 20

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Sampon and Laub’s Age grade theory 1993 (4)

Answer 3

-low self control is not destiny

-offenders do not keep offending forever

-family factors (quality) mediate

-cumulative continuity

Question 4

Gluck Study (1950) (2)

Answer 4

• matched delinquent boys vs non-delinquent boys
• strongest factor for onset was family

Question 5

Vaillant (1996)

Answer 5

Alcoholism among males 45% relapse in 2 years but 9% relapse in 5 years

Question 6

Maruna (2001)

Answer 6

self identity ‘old-me’

Question 7

Sampson and Laub police data study (2001)(3)

Answer 7

1. crime declines with age
2. some increase with age
   3.offending does not have a linear trajectory but zigzag