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STS (M1) Flashcards

until slide 24/100+

1
Q

a state where people experience positive emotions, positive psychological functioning and positive social functioning and most of the time ‘living’ within an optimal range of human functioning

A

Flourishing

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2
Q

An effort to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of individuals, each with the right to pursue his or her own efforts

A

Human flourishing

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3
Q

involves the rational use of ones individual human potentialities, including talents, abilities, and virtues in the pursuit of his freely and rationally chosen values and goals.

A

Human flourishing

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4
Q

a term that combines the Greek words for “good” and “spirit” to describe the ideology.

A

Eudaimonia

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5
Q

To describe the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans (human flourishing)

A

Eudaimonia

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6
Q

do this by challenging themselves intellectually or by engaging in activities that make them spiritually richer people.

A

Eudaemonists’

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6
Q

defines happiness as the pursuit of becoming a better person.

A

Eudaimonia

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7
Q

In _______, happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined by, among others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.

A

psychology

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8
Q

To _________, happiness is a cocktail of emotions we experience when we do something good or positive.

A

behaviorists

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8
Q

To _______, happiness is the experience of a flood of hormones released in the brain as a reward for behavior that prolongs survival.

A

neurologists

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9
Q

The _ view of well-being is that happiness is the polar opposite of suffering, the presence of happiness indicates the absence of pain. Because of this, ________ believe that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness, which minimizes misery

A

hedonistic, hedonists

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10
Q

believed that human flourishing requires a life with other people.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

taught that people acquire virtues through practice and that a set of concrete virtues could lead a person toward his natural excellence and happiness.

A

Aristotle

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12
Q

According to _______ there is an end of all of the actions that we perform which we desire for itself. This is what is known as eudaimonia, flourishing, or happiness, which is desired for its own sake with all other things being desired on its account.

A

Aristotle

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13
Q

is a property of one’s life when considered as a whole.

A

Eudaimonia

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14
Q

is the highest good of human endeavors and that toward which all actions aim. It is success as a human

A

Flourishing

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15
Q

Every discovery, innovation, and success contribute to our pool of ________

A

human knowledge

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16
Q

is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant to science and technology

A

Human flourishing

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17
Q

is a human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science

A

Technology

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18
Q

The end goals of both science and technology and human flourishing are related, in that the _________________

A

good is inherently related to the truth

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19
Q

Two concepts about science which ventures its claim on truth:

A

Verification theory
Falsification theory

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20
Q

General idea of how to do science:

A
  1. OBSERVE and determine if there are unexpected occurrences unfolding
  2. DETERMINE THE PROBLEM and identify factors involved
  3. FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS that could explain the said phenomenon
  4. CONDUCT EXPERIMENT by setting up dependent and independent variables, and trying to see how dependent ones affect dependent ones
  5. GATHER AND ANALYZE results throughout and upon culmination of the experiment; examine if the data gathered are significant enough to conclude results
  6. FORMULATE CONCLUSION AND PROVIDE RECOMMENDATION in case other would want to broaden the study
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21
Q

The earliest criterion that distinguishes philosophy and science

A

VERIFICATION THEORY

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22
Q

The idea proposes that a discipline is science if it can
be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted

A

VERIFICATION THEORY

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23
Q

Take a sentence like “This apple is red.”
claims that it is
meaningful if and only if we can describe which state of
affairs has to be observable so that the sentence can be
said to be true

A

Theverification theoryofmeaning

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24
Q

Asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best explain a
phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology

Example: all swans are white, can be falsified by observing a black swan

A

FALSIFICATION THEORY

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24
Q

It suggests that for atheory to be considered scientific it must be able to be tested and proven false.

A

Falsification Principle

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25
Q

TheFalsification Principle, proposed by ______, is a way of demarcating science
from non-science.

A

Karl Popper

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26
Q

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering Mathematics) – offering schools accommodating Grades 11 and 12. Among all the clusters being offered, STEM trumps the remaining clusters in term of popularity and distribution, with Accounting and Business coming in as a close second.

A
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27
Q

One might infer that there is more demand in this field as students are preconditioned that the field would latter land them high-paying jobs and a lucrative career after graduation.

A

STEM

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28
Q

Comparing the lives of the people before and now will make anyone realize the changes that happened in society not just in terms of culture, language, or rights but more importantly, changes in people’s way of life due to the existence of science and technology.

A

TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING

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29
Q

The term______ is attributed mainly to the changes brought about technology. Although the original idea is for technology to help everyone, it cannot be denied that until now today, not everyone is comfortable in using the different kinds of technologies.

A

generation gap

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30
Q

Mostly those who belong to the ______ think that these technologies are too complicated to operate.

A

older generation

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31
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Our early ancestors’ primal need to survive paved way for the invention of
several developments

A
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32
Q

Gifted with brains more advances than other creatures, ________ are able to
utilize abundant materials for their own ease and comfort.

A

humans

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33
Q

have been using fire to cook, through chipping one flint over the other to produce a spark, all the while without realizing the laws of friction and heat

A

Homo erectus

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34
Q

Tools from stone and flints marked the era of the ____, during the advent of our very own ____ , and human began to sharpen stones as one would a knife; an example of this is the simple machine called wedge

A

STONE AGE
Homo sapiens

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35
Q

used stone tools such as hand
axe.

A

Homo Erectus

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36
Q

They had long and lowcranium.

A

Homo Erectus

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37
Q

also had a short and wide face with
projected nasal aperture forward.

A

Homo-erectus

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38
Q

The pronounced brow ridges were also prominent
in this group.

A

Homo-erectus

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39
Q

The most striking behavioral feature of this group
is the reduction of body size dimorphism (traits) between
sexes.

A

Homo-erectus

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40
Q

are the first to depict the modern speech.

A

Homo sapiens

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41
Q

A thin walled high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead is a striking feature of the modern man.

A

Homo sapiens

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42
Q

And the modern human faces also show less heavy brow ridges and prognathism (protusion of mandible)

their jaws are less heavily developed with smaller teeth.

A

Homo sapiens

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43
Q

What are the Similarities Between Homo-erectus and Homosapien?

A

Both have the ancestral relationship.

Both have originated from the African continent.

Both have used to the complex lifestyle.

Both have had an extended childhood and both have hunted.

Both have had the capability of making tools and using fire.

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44
Q

is an extinct species of the human lineage, having upright stature and a well-evolved postcranial skeleton, but with a smaller brain, low forehead and protruding face.

A

Homo-erectus

45
Q

is the species to which all modern human beings belong

A

Homo Sapien

46
Q

had a smaller brain and was less intelligent.

A

Homo-erectus

47
Q

had a larger brain and was more intelligent.

A

Homo sapien

48
Q

had 850cc to 1100cc brain.

A

Homo-erectus

49
Q

had 1300cc brain.

A

Homosapien

50
Q

did not show modern speech.

A

Homo-erectus

51
Q

had modern speech.

A

Homosapiens

52
Q

People discovered ______and began forging metalwork
They realized that these substances are more durable, malleable, and have more luster than the previous material

The people of yesterday appeared to have acknowledged early on that they could only do and understand as much, that perhaps other powers at play also existed alongside them.

A

minerals

53
Q

are primarily used for comfort against harsh winds – our ancestors are able to draw the connection between their being naked and vulnerable due to some lack of fur or protective covering

A

Fur clothing and animal skin

54
Q

Using _______, or perfectly _______, and wanted to wear it as a trophy; they are proud to show off their hunt and how good of a hunter they were

_______ mammoths for their woolly coat and meat, taking down the animal for the entire community to eat

A

shiny stone
shaped bone
Hunting

55
Q

TRUE/FALSE
The people of yesterday appeared to have acknowledged early on that they could only do and understand as much, that perhaps other powers at play also existed alongside them.

A

TRUE

56
Q

______had larger teeth.
______had smaller teeth.

A

Homo-erectus
Homo sapiens

57
Q

___ had heavily build jaws.
____ had less heavily build jaws.

A

Homo-erectus
Homo sapiens

58
Q

_____ had heavy brow bridges and more prognathism.
_____ had fewer brow bridges and less prognathism.

A

Homo-erectus
Homo sapiens

59
Q

THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA
TRUE/FALSE
For a long time, humans were content with their relationship with nature (hunting)

A

TRUE

60
Q

THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA

________ caused human to expand more territory and more people to feed: large, separate communities hailing from the same ancestors and residing in the same large community paved way for civilizations

Live comfortably and thus are generally happier than those who do have sufficient wealth

A

Formation of communities

61
Q

TRUE/FALSE
THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA

They began to hunt, farm, and produce things with prospect of profit

Products of every kind were exchanged, ranging from necessary ones such as crops, cattle, poultry, other kind, and clothing materials, up to metals, accessories, weapons, spices, literature, and entertainment

A

TRUE

62
Q

THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA
When they could not sell the products, they used their skills and got compensated for it

A
63
Q

TRUE/FALSE
THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA
Humanity became more complex; the primary goal was not merely to survive, but to live the good life

A

TRUE

64
Q

TRUE/FALSE
THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA
Technology has been instrumental in all of these because in searching for the good life, people were able to come up with creations that would make life easier, more comfortable, and more enriching.

A

TRUE

65
Q

TRUE/FALSE
THE HUMAN CONDITION IN THE COMMON ERA

The humans of today are much better off compared to humans several centuries ago.
Advancement in medicine, technology, health, and education ushered in humanity’s best yet, and show up no sign of stopping.

A

TRUE

66
Q

some of the notable comparisons then and now:

A

Mortality rate
Average lifespan
Literacy rate
Gross domestic product (GDP)

67
Q

due to technology, lesser women and children die during birth; medical care for premature infants allows them to survive and develop normally, while proper maternal care ensures mothers can fully recover and remain empowered

A

Mortality rate

68
Q

less likely to die in treatable diseases as opposed to then, science is able to prolong lives enhancing living status and discovering different remedies to most diseases; distribution of medicines is also made easier and faster

A

Average lifespan

69
Q

access to education provided to more individuals generally creates a more informed public that could determine a more just society

A

Literacy rate

70
Q

used to determine the value of the country’s goods and services produced within the territory given a certain time period; higher country income is brought upon by high productivity, often and indicator of presence of technology

A

Gross domestic product (GDP)

71
Q

THE ESSENCE OF TECHNOLOGY

Humanity has indeed come a long way from our primitive ways, and as a general rule, it is said that we are more “______” than we were before

A

developed

72
Q

THE ESSENCE OF TECHNOLOGY

_____ are reliant on technology in their search for the good life

A

Modern humans

73
Q

– assisting those with disabilities, efficiency in industrial workplaces and even exploring the universe

A

Machineries in prolonging lives

73
Q

TRUE/FALSE
BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN CONDITION
Improving the level of comfort, breakthroughs, improved lifestyles for those who can afford the luxury

A

TRUE

73
Q

THE ESSENCE OF TECHNOLOGY

We see ways and means from ____ to utilize and achieve growth – a goal that we believe would bring forth betterment

A

nature

73
Q

TRUE/FALSE
BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN CONDITION
Technology’s initial promises proved to be true, regardless of its ramifications (consequences; complications; difficulties)

A

TRUE

74
Q

TRUE/FALSE
BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN CONDITION
As to the initial aims, it appears that things really did not much differ; still some places in the world are still battling for their daily survival, diseases, tribe wars, lack of habitable territories, and competitions on resources are several factors

A

TRUE

75
Q

TRUE/FALSE
BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN CONDITION
People are still trying to discover and rediscover things that would give meaning to their lives – whether it be honor, strength, or merit.

A

TRUE

76
Q

BACKTRACKING THE HUMAN CONDITION
People are still trying to make sense of their existence in the world, and ____ does little to aid them in their pursuit of life’s meaning

________ are seemingly occurring in a rapid pace, no such consideration was given in this approach in achieving the good life

A

technology,
Technological advancements

77
Q

In ______, long before the word “science”, the need to understand the world and reality was bound to understand self and the good life

A

Ancient Greece

78
Q

For ______ an attempt to understand reality and external world, man must seek to understand himself

A

Plato

79
Q

For ______ counted ethics and politics; whereas “truth” is the aim of theoretical sciences, the “good” is the end goal of practical ones

A

Aristotle

80
Q

End goal of life: _____

Aristotle actually means is human flourishing, a kind of contentment in knowing that one is getting the best out of life

A

Happiness

81
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Every human being moves according to some end

A

TRUE

81
Q

Every human person, aspires for an end; this end is ________

A

happiness or human flourishing

82
Q

According to _____, happiness consists in achieving, through the course of a whole lifetime, all the goods — health, wealth, knowledge, friends, etc. — that lead to the perfection of human nature and to the enrichment of human life.

A

Aristotle

82
Q

For ______, counted ethics and politics; whereas “truth” is the aim of theoretical sciences, the “good” is the end goal of practical ones

A

Aristotle

83
Q

declared the** Greatest Happiness Principles **by saying that an action is right as far as it maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greatest number of people

A

John Stuart Mill

84
Q

TRUE/FALSE
HAPPINESS AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE
In ethics, meant to lead us to the good and happy life

A

TRUE

85
Q

HAPPINESS AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE
Man has constantly struggled with the external world in order to reach _____

A

human flourishing

86
Q

TRUE/FALSE
HAPPINESS AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE
History has given birth to different schools of thought, all of which aim for the good and happy life

A

TRUE

87
Q

MATERIALISM
First materialists were the atomists in ________

A

Ancient Greece

88
Q

led a school whose primary belief is that the world is made up of and is controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world called atomos or seeds

A

Democritus and Leucippus

89
Q

First materialists were the atomists in Ancient Greece

Democritus and Leucippus led a school whose primary belief is that the world is made up of and is controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world called atomos or seeds

In terms of human flourishing, matter is what makes us attain happiness; we see this at work with most people who are clinging on to material wealth as the primary source of the meaning of their existence

A

MATERIALISM

90
Q

See the end goal of life in acquiring pleasure

A

HEDONISM

91
Q

Pleasure has always been the priority of ______

A

Hedonists

92
Q

Hedonists

Led by _____ , this school also does not buy any notion of afterlife just like the materialists

A

Epicurus

93
Q

For them, life is about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because life is limited
The mantra of this school of thought is the famous, “eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die”

A

Hedonists

94
Q

Another school led by Epicurus, the ______ espoused the idea that to generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic (original term apatheia - indifferent; uninterested)

A

STOICISM, stoics

95
Q

We should, in this worldview, adopt the fact that some things are not within our control; the sooner we realize this, the happier we can become

A

STOICISM

96
Q

Most people find the meaning of their lives using GOD as a fulcrum of their existence

A

THEISM

97
Q

The Philippines, as a predominantly Catholic base country, is witness to how people base their life goals on beliefs that hinged on some form of supernatural reality called heaven

A

THEISM

98
Q

The ultimate basis of happiness for _____ is the communion with GOD

A

THEISM,theists

99
Q

as another school of thought espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a GOD that monitors and controls

A

HUMANISM

100
Q

The world where we are in is only just a temporary reality where we have to maneuver around while waiting for the ultimate return to the hands of GOD

A

THEISM

101
Q

For _____, man is literally the captain of his own ship

A

HUMANISM, humanists

102
Q

Thought that the world is a place and space for freely unearthing the world in seeking for ways on how to improve the lives of its inhabitants

A

HUMANISM

103
Q

As a result of the motivation of the _____, current scientists eventually turned to technology in order to ease the difficulty of life.

A

humanist

104
Q

_____ of today meanwhile are ready to confront more sophisticated attempts at altering the world for the benefit of humanity.

A

Scientists

105
Q

TRUE/FALSE
Social media, as an example has been so far a very effective way of employing technology in purging time and space.
Now, communication between two people wherever they are, is not just possible but easy.

A

TRUE

106
Q

Some people now are willing to tamper with time and space in the name of _____

A

technology

107
Q

made real time communication possible not just two people, but even with multiple people simultaneously.

A

The internet and smart phones

108
Q

allowed us to tinker (tamper) with our sexuality; biologically male individuals can now undergo medical operation if they wish sexual reassignment; breast implants are now available; hormones may also be injected in order to alter the sexual chemical in the body

A

Technology

109
Q
A

BSAMT (7 decks)

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