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Medical Embryology > Structures & Derivaties > Flashcards

Structures & Derivaties Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus Propulsus

A

Notochord

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2
Q

Vertebral column

A

scleroderm of somites

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3
Q

Primordial gut & primordial germ cells derived from?

A

Primary yolk sac or exocoelomic cavity

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4
Q

Umbilical arteries and vein

A

Allantois vessels

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5
Q

Placenta derived from?

A

Decidua basalis (maternal) & Villous Chorion (fetal)

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6
Q

Epidermis & associated glands, CNS, PNS derived from?

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

All bone, CT, and muscle

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

Epithelial lining of gut tube & associated glands, epithelial lining of resp tract

A

Endoderm

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9
Q

Paraxial mesoderm gives rise to?

A

Somites; future vertebrae and ribs, skeletal muscles, dermis, assorted CT

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10
Q

Lateral mesoderm give rise to

A

Limb skeleton, visceral CT & muscle, serous membranes, heart & blood, spleen, adrenal cortex

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11
Q

Neural tube gives rise to?

A

CNS, somatic motor portion of PNS, preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways

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12
Q

Neural crest cells give rise?

A

Neurons of PNS with soma in somatic sensory and autonomic ganglia (postganglionic neurons), Schwann cells, meninges, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, odontoblasts, skeletal and CT of neck, truncal and conal ridges (heart), C (parafollicular) cells of thyroid gland

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13
Q

Spinal cord neurons and glial cells derived from?

A

Ventricular zone

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14
Q

White matter of cord derived from?

A

Marginal zone

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15
Q

Gray matter (soma of ventral, dorsal, and lateral horns) derived from?

A

Intermediate zone (mantle layer)

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16
Q

Respiratory tract derived from?

A

Begins from foregut endoderm during 4th wk

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17
Q

Primary buds of laryngotracheal tube form what?

A

Main bronchi @ 28 - 35 d

18
Q

Pseudoglandular stage features?

A

No resp bronchioles so respiration in baby not possible @ 6-16 wk

19
Q

Canalicular period features?

A

Type II alveolar cells produce surfactant @ 20 wk’ some respiration possible late in period (16-26 wk) via terminal saccules;

20
Q

Terminal sac features?

A

Alveolar duct branches from resp bronchioles (26 wk to birth); simple cuboidal to simple squamous; capillaries establish close contact; increased surfactant

21
Q

Alveolar period (32 wk to postnatal) features?

A

Primitive alveoli with well developed epithelial-endothelial relationships

22
Q

Pericardial, peritoneal, pleural cavities derived from?

A

Intraembryonic coelom

23
Q

Central tendon of diaphram derived from?

A

Septum transversum (mesoderm)

24
Q

Diaphram derived from?

A

4 embyronic components: pleuroperitoneal folds grow in from lateral walls; septum transversum becomes central tendon (migrates from cranial location & receives myoblasts and phrenic nerve while still in cervical region); pleuroperitoneal begin to fuse with dorsal mesentry and septum transversum

25
Q

What does truncus arteriosus become?

A

ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk

26
Q

What does Bulbus cordis become?

A

aortic vestibule; conus arteriosus

27
Q

What does Sinus Venosus become?

A

Coronary sinus (left horn); sinus venarum (right horn)

28
Q

What does Primordial Atrium become?

A

Pectinate muscle

29
Q

What does Primordial Pulmonary Veins become?

A

Smooth part of left atrium (primordial pulmonary veins)

30
Q

What does Primordial Atrium become?

A

Rough part of left atrium

31
Q

How does blood from IVC bypass lungs?

A

via Foramen Ovale

32
Q

How does blood from SVC bypass lungs?

A

via Ductus Arteriosus

33
Q

What the does Ductus Arteriosus become?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

34
Q

Describe the growth of the Septum Primum

A

Grows from roof of primordial atrium towards, and will eventually fuse with, endocardial cushion.

35
Q

How does the Septum Secundum develop?

A

Before the septum primum fuses with cushion the foramen secundum is formed by rupture of septum primum; Secundum grows down & overlaps Primum -> acts like valve

36
Q

What does the truncal ridges (from neural crest cells) become?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum which divides truncus into ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk

37
Q

What does the Bulbar Ridges become?

A

Bulbar septum which divides bulbus into conus arteriosus and aortic vestibule

38
Q

What does the primordial IV septum become?

A

Muscular portion of septum

39
Q

What does the Endocardial cushion become?

A

Membranous portion of septum

40
Q

Which layer of tissue gives rise to the amnion and the amniotic cavity?

A

Epiblast

41
Q

What do cells of Alar plate give rise to?

A

Sensory Neuroblasts in DH

42
Q

What do cells of Basal plate give rise to?

A

Motor neuroblasts in VH

Medical Embryology (15 decks)

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