Brain development defects Flashcards
1
Q
Craniopharyngiomas
A
- pituitary develops in developing sphenoid bone
- tumours (often benign) may develop from pouch remnant
- may compress optic chiasm leading to hypothyroidism
- Rx.: radiation, surgical resection, chemo, antiobiotic (Pleomycine)
2
Q
Pharyngeal hypophysis
A
- accessory anterior lobe tissue
- hormonal disturbance
3
Q
Cranium bifidum
A
- defect in cranium with herniation of part of brain and meninges is meningoencephalocoele (meninges & brain)
- defect in cranium: herniation of part of brain, meninges and part of ventricles is meningohydroencephalocoele (meninges & brain & ventricle)
4
Q
Meroencephaly
A
- part brain
- cranial neuropore fails to close, neurocranium not formed, neural tissue (mainly hind brain) very poorly developed
- any brain tissue protrudes from defective cranium (exencephaly)
- exposure to amniotic fluid results in necrosis of any neural tissue
- often referred to as anencephaly (no brain) but some neural tissue is always present
- Dx: alpha-FP in maternal serum & amniotic fluid
5
Q
Holoprosencephaly
A
- single forebrain
- small, undivided forebrain with single ventricle
- usually accompanied by midline facial defects such as single eye, nasal cavity, incisors
- caused by Shh problems; also responsible for organization of neural tube into sensory vs motor neurons
6
Q
Non-communicating/obstructive hydrocephalus
A
- non-communicating/obstructive hydrocephalus from obstruction to CSF flow in the ventricular system: oftein in the aquedect
- macrocephaly
7
Q
Communicating/non-obstructive hydrocephalus
A
- communicating/non-obstructive hydrocephalus from decreased absorption of CSF into saggital sinus via arachnoid villi
- meningitis
- Rx: Ventricular-Peritoneal cavity
8
Q
Arnold-Chiari malformation Type 1
A
- part of cerebellum & medulla have herniated through the foramen magnum into the cervical vertebral canal
- usually present with hydrocephalus from enlarged 4V
