Structures and Processes Flashcards
What are 4 issues that the church faced?
Disconnection of lay faithful
Misalignment of the traditional church with the modern changing world
Decrease in personal relationship with God
Relationship issues with other religions
What is the issue of the relationship issues with other religions? (3)
Catholics were not allowed to attend other churches and vice versa
Had to keep a certain distance from other Christian denominations and other religions
No mixed marriages
What is the issue of the disconnection of lay faithful? (7)
lay people could not actively participate in the Mass
The Church was drifting away form the unity that Jesus Christ had encouraged
lay people were not allowed to interpret or even read the scripture (the bible)
personal study of the bible was discouraged
people could not connect with the priest during the Mass (facing his back to them)
only an ordained priest could touch the Consecrated Host with his hands
What is the issue of Misalignment of the traditional church with the modern changing world? (3)
church was living in the past
rapidly growing and developing technology
world changing at a rapid rate, travel, globalisation, growth of industry
What is the issue of the decrease in personal relationship with God?
as the Mass was said in Latin, people did not see that going to Church was important
there was no spiritual connection to the church and God
What are the two major themes of Vatican II
Aggiorrniomento
Ressourcement
Aggiorrniomento
To express the desire to create a new and positive relationship with the modern world and in modern thought. To open up to new avenues to the Church and open people’s mind to heavenly
Ressourcement
to purify and simply the life of the church by turning again to sources of its life faith, that is scripture, liturgy and it foundational theology
What are the four major reforms of Vatican II?
Changes to the liturgy
Other religions
Bigger role for lay people
The scripture
Describes the major reform changes to the liturgy.
One reform was the changes that occurred to the liturgy, such as it changing from Latin to vernacular, altars being turned around and priests facing the people and the attire became more modern.
Describes the major reform other religions
Another reform is that it began to become more open to other religions, putting an end to centuries of old prejudice toward other Christian denominations and other religions. It also opened gates of social activism, freedom of expression and conscience.
Describes the major reform bigger role of lay people
Another reform is the bigger role given to lay people in mass; distributing communion, which was strictly a role for the priests. They also began to put faith into action, working for peace and unity among other christians.
Describes the major reform scripture
Another reform was that personal reading and studying of the bible was encouraged, a greater selection of readings from the Old and New testament were chosen for a 3 year lectionary cycle.
What are the 4 documents promulgated by Pope Paul VI?
Sacrosanctum concillium
Lumen Gentium
Dei Verbum
Gaudium et Spes
What is the main issue addressed by Sacrosanctum concillium?
Liturgical changes
What things did Sacrosanctum concillium change? (7)
Latin to the Vernacular
Priest no longer had his back to the people
Removal of Alter rails
Participation of the lay within the liturgy
Involvement of women in the liturgy
Changes in musical style
Receiving Communion from the lay people
Sacrosanctum concillium: In restoration….
“In the restoration and promotion of the sacred liturgy, this full and active participation by all the people is aim to be considered before all else.”
When was sacrosanctum concillium promulgated?
4th December 1963 by Pope Paul VI
What is the main issue addressed by Lumen gentium?
eight chapters including a chapter on the role of the laity
What is the main issue addressed by Dei Verbum?
outlines the close relationship between Revelation, the Word of God, Scripture, Tradition and the Magisterium, and clarified that the Magisterium is not above the word of God but serves it faithfully
What is the main issue addressed by Gaudium et Spes?
all about the human person, individuals, family and community. Concerned in cooperating to find true and just responses to the enormous challenges that the modern world was facing
When was Gaudium et Spes promulgated?
Promulgated on 7th December 1965
What is the purpose of Gaudium et Spes?
provide both Christians and non-Christians with some understanding of deep insights into the world and to raise a consciences to the need to improve it
What issues were addressed in Gaudium et Spes?
hunger, poverty
Vast economic inequalities
Unclear war still posing a threat
Interdependence among people in the world is growing
Lack of Christianity in the world and how it is contributing to atheism
Why is sacrosanctum concillium still important today and for the future to the religion you have studied?
It is important for Roman Catholic as it is a reminder that the Church is to be engaged in the world and that the Church provide their answers to the world. It results the Church to always be a guidance for the people and not forgotten.
What is the decree of ecumenism?
It admits blame on both sides for the seperation and calls for a change of heart to make ecumenism possible as it sharing in worship is necessary for gaining
Decree of ecumenism: Everywhere large numbers
“Everywhere large numbers have felt the impulse of this grace, and among our separated brethren… for the restoration of unity among all Christians.”
Define ecumenical council
A world wide gathering/assembly of the World’s bishops, called by the Pope to address internal issues of the Church
Why is the Vatican II council significant? (3)
- not address a heresy or refute claims of society
- not often held and there are only 21
- large scale
Why is the vatican II council significant in relation to the liturgy? (5)
4 major reforms
- Scripture
- Bigger role for lay people
- Changes to the liturgy
- Ecumenism and other religions
In relation to Ecumenism outline the significance of the event for a Religion today? (4)
- solved years of division with other christian denominations
- ecumenism is christian unity
- brought a sense of optimism and acceptance to mixed marriages
- decree on ecumenism
In relation to the modern world comment upon why the event was significant for a Religion (5)
technology world issues aggiorniomento gaudium et spes ecumenism
When did Vatican II begin and end?
11 October 1962 - 8 December 1965
What was occurring before vatican II?
WWII, Cold War and the rapid change in the worlds modern society, especially with the invention and advancement in technology.
Gaudium et Spes - The church recognises
“The Church recognizes that it needs to engage others with more pronounced goodwill, and to embrace those who do not believe in Christ but also desire peace.”
When was the decree on ecumenism promulgated?
21 nove 1964
When was Vatican II?
1962-1965 convoked by Pope John XXIII
How many documents were promulgated?
16
Explain the significance of Second vatican council
The Second Vatican Council is significant due to the large gathering of Christians in one place, with the Pope, it is also not held often with ecumenical council before Second Vatican, the first vatican council occurring 100 years before, with there only being 21 since the Council of Nicea in 325CE. Vatican II is the only council that didn’t address a heresy or refute claims of society.
In relation to the Liturgy comment upon why the event was significant for a Religion
In relation to the liturgy, the second vatican council is significant to the Catholicism as it brought about four major reforms; changes to liturgy, bigger role for lay people, other religions, the scripture, which are practises still done now and are important as it brought the church closer to its followers and the modern world.
One reform was the changes that occurred to the liturgy, such as it changing from Latin to vernacular, altars being turned around and priests facing the people and the attire became more modern.
Another reform is that it began to become more open to other religions, putting an end to centuries of old prejudice toward other Christian denominations and other religions. It also opened gates of social activism, freedom of expression and conscience.
Another reform is the bigger role given to lay people in mass; distributing communion, which was strictly a role for the priests. They also began to put faith into action, working for peace and unity among other christians.
Another reform was that personal reading and studying of the bible was encouraged, a greater selection of readings from the Old and New testament were chosen for a 3 year lectionary cycle.
In relation to Ecumenism outline the significance of the event for a Religion today
In relation to ecumenism, Vatican II solved many years of division between Catholicism and other christian denominations, in particular Presbyterians. Ecumenism is christian unity. Vatican II brought a sense of optimism and acceptance to other Christians denominations allow them to have mixed marriages, marriages with someone of another Christian denomination. A decree was also promulgated on Ecumenism, which was a major move forward for the church, it admits that the both sides were to blame and it calls for a change of heart to make ecumenism possible to be able to gain the grace of unity, by sharing in worship, it also encouraged dialogue and calls for the roman church to reform itself as part of the process of reunion.
In relation to the modern world comment upon why the event was significant for a Religion
In relation to bringing the church to the modern world, Vatican II was significant as it was the first Council to use technology to broadcast the events of the council, newspapers, Tv and radios reported on it. It also addressed issues such as WW2, social justice and human rights and engaging between the church and the modern world. This is reflected through the key theme of aggiorrniomento: to express his desire to create a new and positive relationship with the modern world and in modern thought. To open up to new avenues to the Church and open people’s mind to heavenly. As well as the central theme of Gaudium et Spes reflects this, all about the human person, individuals, family and community. Concerned in cooperating to find true and just responses to the enormous challenges that the modern world was facing. Vatican II also encouraged ecumenism between Christian denominations, which allowed mixed marriages to occur and accepted that everyone had their own beliefs and opinion
Religious structure
The organisation of a religion, including its leadership.
Religious Process
How things are done in a religion. They often give expression to the workings of a particular religion.
A system or way of doing something according to a series of steps, actions or understandings.
What are 2 examples of religious structures?
Magisterium
Apostolic Succession
Magisterium
The magisterium is the official teaching authority of the church exercised by the pope and the bishops together to guide, protect and teach authentically
What are 4 examples of religious processes?
Evangelisation
Encyclicals
Ecumenical councils
Synods
Evangelisation
Originally to preach the Gospel message to those who had never heard of Jesus
New Evangelisation
Renewal of missionary activity to effectively reach people of our times who have some link to Christianity but no real faith in Christ
Two elements of the Evangelisation process
Christian Witness
Ministry of the Word
Christian Witness
Christ-like presence giving Christ like love in actions and words
Ministry of the Word
Using words to proclaim the God news in the same way as Jesus
Encyclicals
important letters from the Pope that help everyone better understand how to apply the teachings of Sacred Scripture and Catholic Tradition to particular issue
Ecumenical councils
the entire Church, through the bishops gathers together to address one or more issues vital to the life of the universal Church at a given period of time
Synod of bishops
the gathering of bishops on an international, national or regional level to discuss area of concern in the Church’s life
What are 3 functions that structures and processes serve?
teaching and safeguarding the Christian message
providing for the growing holiness of believers
governing the Church in Jesus’ name.
Scripture
speech of God put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit (Word of God)
Tradition
transmitted entirely by the Word of God which has been entrusted to the apostles by Christ the Lord and the Holy Spirit
What are the 2 main themes of Vatican II?
Aggiornomento
Ressourcement
Aggiornomento
to express his desire to create a new and positive relationship with the modern world and in modern thought. To open up to new avenues to the Church and open people’s mind to heavenly
Ressourcement
to purify and simplfy the life of the church by turning again to sources of its life faith, that is scripture, liturgy and it foundational theology
Difference between extraordinary and ordinary magisterium
Ordinary - consistent and common teachings of all popes and bishops throughout history, a retelling of teachings
Extraordinary - Ecumenical councils and Ex cathedras (from the chair) are pronouncements from the pope that are considered infallible teachings. They were held to treat some urgent matter
Sacrosanctum Concilium
addressed liturgical changes and revealed that God’s love created a perfect way for us to worship.
What are 6 things that changed in Mass after Sacrosanctum concilium?
Change to liturgy (latin to the Vernacular)
Priest no longer had his back to the people
Removal of Alter rails
Participation of the lay within the liturgy
Involvement of women in the liturgy
Changes in musical style
Receiving Communion from the lay people
What is the Magisterium made up of?
the Pope in union with the bishops
Who is the Pope? (2)
head and spiritual centre of the Church (magisterium) and bishop of Rome
Direct successor of St Peter
What is Apostolic Succession?
The line of Bishops stretching back to the apostles preserve true doctrine that the apostles were teaching and receive the spiritual gifts and authority from the apostles given by Jesus
How does Apostolic succession help the Pope?
He is filled with and guided by the Holy Spirit and hence infallible (ex-cathedra) when teaching on matters of faith or morals
Who is below the pope?(4)
Cardinals, who are senior bishops who have been granted high status and special responsibilities.
They advise the Pope
assist him in running the Church
elect a new Pope from their number when one dies
What are bishops?
responsible for a dioceses (archbishops for a larger/more important archdiocese)
What are the three main responsibilities of bishops?
meet the needs of their community
sanctify by performing the sacraments
teach the faithful in their community
What is the process of an ecumenical council? (6)
Council is called by the Pope
Discussion is held to determine the issues requiring conversation and agenda of council
assembled and different sessions
gathering of Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops and Priest from around the world
Discussion of major topics and conclusions through voting of participants or decisions made by the Pope
promulgation of documents and implementation of them
What is the role of the magisterium? (2)
role of interpreting the Gospel in the changing world to maintain functionality and progress
respond to any internal (external issues) through application of God’s teaching and message.
What is the magisterium responsible for? (2)
interpreting but not undermining the Bible, therefore maintaining authenticity and authoritative role
also through apostolic succession
