STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF ANIMAL CELLS Flashcards
lowest in the HIERARCHY OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
CHEMICALS
★ atoms and molecules that make up the basic unit of life
CHEMICALS
★ “atom is a tiny indivisible particle” -
Democritus
★ carbohydrates
○ building blocks / monomers -
monosaccharides
○ provides weak short-term energy
○ starch, sucrose, cellulose, chitin
★ carbohydrates
proteins
○ building blocks / monomers (before)
mino acids
(polypeptide chain before)
○ provides cell structure, faster chemical reaction,
sends signals
○ hormones, enzymes
proteins
★ lipids
○ building blocks / monomers -
glycerol / fatty acids
○ provides long-term energy
○ phospholipids, waxes, oil, steroids, fats
★ lipids
nucleic acids
○ building blocks / monomers -
nucleotides
○ stores and pass genetic information
○ dna and rna
★ nucleic acids
subcellular structures
ORGANELLES
★ contribute to the cell’s maintenance and reproduction
★ membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells
★ mitochondria, golgi bodies etc.
ORGANELLES
★ smallest, basic, functional unit of life
★ skin cells, blood cells
CELL
groups of cells that work together to perform a
specialized function
TISSUE
★ groups of tissues that work together to perform a
specialized function
★ skin, heart, leg muscle, brain
ORGAN S
ORGAN
★ groups of organs that work together to perform a certain
process in the body
★ integumentary system, circulatory system, muscular
system, nervous system
ORGAN SYSTEM
★ formed by dierent organ systems that create complex
interactions with one another to maintain balance or
homeostasis, and sustain life
ORGANISM
hierarcy: ★ kingdoms of life - animalia, fungi, eubacteria, plantae,
protista, archaebacteria
ORGANISM
★ organisms that belong to the same species and live in the
same area
★ humans living in the same house, koalas living in an area
of the forest
POPULATION
★ dierent populations living in the same area
★ humans, cats, and dogs living in the same house; koalas,
kangaroos, and various tree species in an area of the
forest
COMMUNITY
★ includes all the communities interacting with one
another and with their environment
ECOSYSTEM
relationship of organisms with its environment
ecology
BIOMES
★ aquatic - marine animals
★ desert - camels, cactus
★ forest - amazon rainforest, mangrove forests
★ grasslands - grassy
★ savanna - between a forest and grassland
★ tundra - coldest
★ includes all the different kinds of ecosystem
★ entire surface of Earth where life thrives
BIOSPHERE
