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General Biology > COMPONENTS OF THE CELL: MAJOR PARTS OF THE CELL > Flashcards

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL: MAJOR PARTS OF THE CELL Flashcards

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1
Q

★ no nucleus but has a
nucleoid
★ unicellular
★ does not have membrane
bound organelles
★ DNA suspended on
cytosol

A

PROKARYOTIC

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2
Q

★ has a nucleus
★ multicellular
★ have membrane bound
organelles
★ DNA suspended on nucleus

A

EUKARYOTIC

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3
Q

★ cell’s primary barrier

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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4
Q

★ protects the cytoplasm from external environment

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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5
Q

comprises of phospholipids, cholesterol, membrane
proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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6
Q

plasma membrane mostly consist of

A

phospholipids

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7
Q

○ with a negatively charged phosphate group (sugar,
bases, nucleic acids, RNA) with polar covalent bonds
○ hydrophilic
○ faces outward

A

★ head

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8
Q

two nonpolar fatty acid chains
○ hydrophobic
○ oriented inward and are together shielded from
wate

A

★ tails

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9
Q

these phospholipids group together to form a
two-layered barrier called a

A

phospholipid bilayer

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10
Q

____ phospholipid bilayer makes the
plasma membrane selectively permeable

A

middle portion

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10
Q

what can pass in plasma membrane

A

lipids and small, nonpolar molecules such as oxygen
and carbon dioxide can freely pass

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11
Q

from high concentration solute to low
concentration solute

A

osmosis

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12
Q

proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol
molecules are embedded in the membrane so that they
look like a mosaic

A

mosaic

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13
Q

★ due to the natural viscosity of the membrane,
which allows the protein molecules to freely float and
drift in the membrane

A

fluidity

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14
Q

★ in the fatty acid tail of the phospholipids

A

kinks

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15
Q

○ prevents adjacent phospholipids molecules from
packing too close together which causes the
increase in the fluidity of the bilayer

A

kinks

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16
Q

molecule which act as regulators of fluidity
○ helps w/ stabilizing cell membrane

A

cholesterol

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17
Q

★ - allows passage of molecules and substances

A

permeable

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18
Q

example of permeable:

A

lipids, alcohol, small molecules (oxygen, nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide)

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19
Q

○ is plant cell permeable or impermeable?

A

permeable

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20
Q

is permeable passive or not?

A

passive

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21
Q

no substance can pass

A

impermeable

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22
Q

examples of impermeable:

A

polar and large molecules (proteins, nucleic acid, amino acids, glucose)

23
Q

★ only solvents can pass through

A

semi-permeable

24
Q

MEMBRANE PROTEINS

A

★ channel proteins
★ carrier proteins
★ cell recognition protein
★ receptor proteins

25
Q

allow transport of certain molecules (small
molecules) through the membrane selective permeable

A

★ channel proteins

26
Q

○ forms a channel or passageway that simply allows
certain substances to move from one side to the
other

A

★ channel proteins

27
Q

receive certain molecules but change their shape to
be able to move these substances across the
membrane very specific with the molecules that
they transport across the plasma membrane

A

★ carrier proteins

28
Q

○ helpful in recognizing the presence of pathogens so
that certain immune responses can be elicited

A

cell recognition proteins

29
Q

○ have a shape that allows only specific molecules to
bind to them
○ when a molecule binds to a receptor protein, the
protein changes its shape which brings about
particular cellular responses
○ any shape

A

receptor proteins

30
Q

system of interconnected protein filaments from their
nucleus to the plasma membrane

A

CYTOSKELETON

31
Q

★ structural framework and support that has diverse
functions
★ dynamic network
○ change shape kineme

A

CYTOSKELETON

32
Q

straight, long, and hollow cylinders that consist of
globular proteins called tubulin

A

MICROTUBULES

33
Q

○ alpha and beta-tubulin proteins come together by
forming ____

A

dimers

34
Q

microtubules released by centrosomes

A

spindle fibers

35
Q

organized by ___-or MTOCs
○ MTOCs in animal cells are in the form of centrosomes

A

microtubule-organizing centers

36
Q

maintain cell shape, regulate cellular traffc, and move
chromosomes during cell division

A

MICROTUBULES

37
Q

★ long and flexible fibers composed of actin proteins

A

MICROFILAMENTS

38
Q

○ `thinnest component of the cytoskeleton
★ occur in a bundle of meshlike networks

A

MICROTUBULES

39
Q

contains two chains of globular actin monomers twisted
into a helical manner

A

MICROFILAMENTS

40
Q

moves actin filament to have
muscle contraction

A

myosin filament

41
Q

muscle contraction and relaxation
★ support the cell and facilitate movement

A

MICROFILAMENTS

42
Q

have characteristics that lie between that of
microfilaments and microtubules

A

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

43
Q

★ made of a variety of proteins
★ form a ropelike assembly of fibrous polypeptides

A

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

44
Q

★ maintain cell shape, anchor the nucleus and other
organelles, cell to cell junction, anchor of cell to the
environment
★ stronger than actin filaments but less dynamic

A

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

45
Q

★ entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the
plasma membrane

A

CYTOPLASM

46
Q

★ where all the subcellular structures are suspended

A

CYTOPLASM

47
Q

semifluid solution that consists of water and
inorganic and organic molecules

A

cytosol

48
Q

★ rigid structure that surrounds the cell
★ surrounds the cell membrane for extra protection

A

CELL WALL

49
Q

★ most abundant organic compound

A

cellulose

50
Q

○ gram positive -

A

violet

51
Q

○ gram negative -

A

pink

52
Q

★ plant cells contains ____ like cellulose

A

mesh

53
Q

○ outer layer of the cell wall
○ contains pectin

A

★ middle lamella

54
Q

○ helps the cell wall to bind to the
plasma membrane

A

pectin

55
Q

○ between middle lamella and plasma membrane
○ composed of cellulose and microfibrils

A

★ primary cell wall

56
Q

○ turgor pressure - ________
○ __________- - base that pulls water in an upward
direction in plants
○ transpiration pull - _______-

A

crunchy plants
capillary action
trees

General Biology (9 decks)

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