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General Biology > COMPONENTS OF THE CELL: SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLES > Flashcards

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL: SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLES Flashcards

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1
Q

aerobic bacterium -

A

mitochondria

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2
Q

cyanobacterium -

A

chloroplast

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3
Q

★ genetic control of the cell
★ center of the cell

A

NUCLEUS

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4
Q

★ spaghetti-like structure
★ uncoiled chromosomes

A

CHROMATIN

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5
Q

★ rod-like structures
★ coiled

A

CHROMOSOMES

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6
Q

★ semi-fluid matrix of nucleus
★ chromatin and chromosomes are suspended here

A

NUCLEOPLASM

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7
Q

★ separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
★ double membrane that is similar to the plasma
membrane of the cell

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

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8
Q

★ permit the passage of ribosomal subunits and mRNA out
of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

A

NUCLEAR PORES

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9
Q

○ intermediates that carry genetic information from
the DNA

A

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

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10
Q

○ copies the code of the DNA

A

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

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11
Q

○ convert the codons / nucleotides into proteins

A

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

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12
Q

○ mobile molecule that acts as an intermediary for
DNA, which specifies the sequence of amino acids in
a protein

A

★ mRNA - messenger RNA

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13
Q

○ acts as adaptor of amino acid
○ attach to mRNA to create amino acid

A

★ tRNA - transfer RNA

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14
Q

○ participates in the assembly of amino acids into a
polypeptide by recognizing both mRNA and amino
acids during protein synthesis

A

★ tRNA - transfer RNA

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15
Q

○ machine where amino acids join together to create
polypeptide chains then create proteins

A

★ rRNA - ribosomal RNA

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16
Q

★ codons of RNA -

A

ACGU

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17
Q

★ codons of DNA -

A

ACGT

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18
Q

★ start

A

AUG

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19
Q

★ stop

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

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20
Q

★ use instructions from the nucleus, written in mRNA, to
build proteins

A

RIBOSOMES

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21
Q

★ synthesize proteins

A

RIBOSOMES

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22
Q

★ free ribosomes - attached to the

A

cytosol

23
Q

attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum

A

bound ribosomes -

24
Q

○ parallel shape
○ cells of pancreas, notochord, brain

A

★ laminar form / cisternae

25
Q

○ oval shape
○ suspended in the cytoplasm

A

★ vesicle / vesicular form

26
Q

○ most abundant
○ most of the cells have this structure

A

★ tubular form

27
Q

★ there are ribosomes attached to it
★ ribosomes produce proteins
★ attached to the nuclear envelope
★ system of membranous channels

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

28
Q

★ synthesizes lipids and phospholipids, cholesterol
★ does not have ribosomes

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

29
Q

★ sorting center
★ trac police

A

GOLGI BODIES

30
Q

★ warehouse and processing station for products
manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum

A

GOLGI BODIES

31
Q

made of phospholipids
○ delivers proteins

A

vesicles

32
Q

★ fusion of secretory vesicles with plasma
membrane then discharges proteins outside the cell

A

exocytosis

33
Q

★ waste disposal system

A

LYSOSOMES

34
Q

★ membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes

A

LYSOSOMES

35
Q

★ hydraulic enzymes

A

cathepsins

36
Q

★ engulfs materials outside the cell like bacterias or foods

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

37
Q

★ hydrolytic enzymes - helps in

A

digesting

38
Q

PHAGOCYTOSIS ★ lysosome attaches to

A

phagosomes

39
Q

engulf malfunctioning organelles

A

AUTOPHAGY

40
Q

membrane-bounded vesicles that enclose enzymes
★ confused with lysosomes

A

PEROXISOMES

41
Q

PEROXISOMES ★ hydraulic enzymes -

A

catalase

42
Q

★
○ harmful for cells
○ catalase break down to water and oxygen

A

hydrogen peroxide

43
Q

★ responsible for lipid catabolism

A

PEROXISOMES

44
Q

lipid catabolism

A

breaking down of lipids and toxins like alcohol

45
Q

★ powerhouse of the cell

A

MITOCHONDRIA

46
Q

★ generate most of the chemical energy needed to power
the cells biochemical reactions
★ creates energy through chemical reaction

A

MITOCHONDRIA

47
Q

★ produced through cellular
respiration

A

adenosine triphosphate

48
Q

energy in photosynthesis is converted to

A

sugar or glucose

49
Q

light energy from the sun is converted
to chemical energy and other organic molecules

A

photosynthesis

50
Q

★ byproduct of photosynthesis:

A

oxygen

51
Q

★ where photosynthetic activities happen

A

thylakoid

52
Q

★ stack of thylakoids

A

granum

53
Q

★ inside of thylakoid

A

lumen

General Biology (9 decks)

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