Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding (1.1) Flashcards
Covalent bond
Atoms share electrons
What is more electronegative, oxygen or water?
Oxygen
Why is there polarity between oxygen and hydrogen bonds?
Unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen
Polarity
When there are differences atomic electronegativities
Hydrogen bond
Weak bond interaction between negative and positive regions of two separate molecules
What are the properties of water?
Cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, high solvency, less density in solid form, high heat capacity, and capillary action
Cohesion
Two of the same molecule form hydrogen bonds together
Adhesion
Two different molecules form hydrogen bonds together
Surface tension
Hydrogen bonding forces between water molecules at the surface
Surface tension is a result of what?
Hydrogen bonding forces
High solvency
Water is a solvent in many cases in its liquid state
Water’s high solvency property is a result of what?
Adhesion
What can high solvency be used for in organisms?
Cells of organisms can receive nutrients easily when things dissolve in water
Less density in solid form
Unique hydrogen bond interaction when water is in a solid state making it less dense than its liquid state, meaning ice floats
What other property does water’s less dense property as a solid result from?
Cohesion
Why is water’s less density when solid property beneficial or organisms?
Organisms in aquatic environments are still able to live in bodies of water in colder temperatures because ice freezes over the top of the surface first, not completely
High heat capacity
Water absorbs a lot of thermal energy before changing chemical states and resists sudden changes in temperature
What other property of water is high heat capacity a result of?
Cohesion
How can organisms benefit from high heat capacity?
Organisms in aquatic environments won’t have sudden changes in their habitats even if the temperature surrounding their environment changes suddenly and they can stay at functional temperatures
Capillary action
Water is attracted to water (can “travel”)
Capillary action is a result of what other properties of water?
Cohesion and adhesion
How can capillary action be used in the environment?
Roots use capillary action to get water from the soil and transport it throughout the plant
