Intro to Biological Molecules (1.3)

Question 1

Monomers

Answer 1

Chemical subunits to create polymers

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Macromolecule made of many monomers

Question 3

Polymers are specific to the ______ they consist of

Answer 3

monomers

Question 4

What are four monomers?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids

Question 5

What is monosaccharide’s polymer?

Answer 5

Carbohydrate

Question 6

What is amino acid’s polymer?

Answer 6

Protein

Question 7

What is nucleotide’s polymer?

Answer 7

Nucleic acid

Question 8

What is fatty acid’s polymer?

Answer 8

Lipid

Question 9

Dehydration synthesis reactions create what?

Answer 9

Macromolecules, carbohydrates, and proteins

Question 10

What is the connection between polymers and macromolecules?

Answer 10

Macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules, monomers

Question 11

What happens during dehydration?

Answer 11

1. Subcomponents of water (H and OH) are removed from interacting monomers
2. Polymers are made from monomers (“building up”)
3. Covalent bond forms between them
4. H and OH join together to form water which is a byproduct of the reaction

Question 12

Hydrolysis reactions do what to covalent bonds?

Answer 12

Cleave (split) them

Question 13

What happens during hydrolysis reactions

Answer 13

1. Water is used to break down polymers into monomers during this reaction
2. Covalent bonds between monomers are cleaved (split) during this reaction which releases energy
3. Water molecule is hydrolyzed (broken down) into subcomponents, H and OH, and each is added to a different monomer

Question 14

How does hydrolysis play a role in the digestion of organic compounds?

Answer 14

1. Macromolecules are ingested
2. Then they are hydrolyzed in digestive tract
3. The smaller molecules are absorbed by cells
4. They are further broken down and energy is released

Question 15

How does dehydration synthesis create carbohydrates?

Answer 15

*Carbohydrate monomers have hydroxides (OH) and hydrogen (H) atoms attached
1. One carbohydrate monomer loses an entire hydroxide
2. The other carbohydrate monomer only loses a hydrogen from a hydroxide
3. Covalent bond forms where the hydroxide and hydrogen atom were removed
4. Hydroxide and hydrogen join forming a water molecule

Question 16

How does dehydration synthesis create proteins?

Answer 16

*Amino acids have an amine group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH)
1. Hydroxide (OH) is lost from the carboxyl group of one amino acid
2. Hydrogen (H) atom is lost from the amine group of another amino acid
3. Covalent bond forms between monomers (amino acids) where the hydroxide and hydrogen were removed
4. The lost hydroxide and hydrogen atoms join and form H2O as a byproduct of the reaction

Question 17

How do proteins undergo hydrolysis reactions?

Answer 17

1. Covalent bonds between amino acids break
2. Water molecule is hydrolyzed (broken down)
3. Subcomponents of water (H and OH) are bonded to different amino acids
4. Final result is separate amino acid monomers

Question 18

Hydrolysis reactions use what to breakdown biological macromolecules?

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

What byproduct do dehydration synthesis reactions create after making biological macromolecules?

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

All molecules contain what?

Answer 20

Carbon