Properties of Biological Molecules (1.4)

Question 1

Function is related to _________

Answer 1

Structure

Question 2

Change in structure means a change in what?

Answer 2

Function

Question 3

What determines the properties of biological molecules?

Answer 3

The structure and function of the molecules

Question 4

Nucleic acids are polymers comprised of what monomer?

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 5

1. Phosphate group (circle on left)
2. 5 carbon sugar (pentagon in middle)
3. Nitrogen base (square on right)

Question 6

What do nucleic acids share in sequence of nucleotide monomers?

Answer 6

Biological information

Question 7

What are two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 7

DNA and RNA

Question 8

How do DNA and RNA nucleotides differ in their 5 carbon sugar?

Answer 8

DNA has deoxyribose as its sugar and RNA has ribose as its sugar

Question 9

How do DNA and RNA nucleotides differ in their nitrogen base?

Answer 9

DNA has Thymine (T) and RNA has Uracil (U)

Question 10

What are the nitrogen bases that DNA and RNA both have?

Answer 10

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)

Question 11

DNA and RNA both store biological information but structural differences mean specific _________ differences

Answer 11

functional

Question 12

What makes up proteins?

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

What are the structural groups in amino acids?

Answer 13

Amine (NH2) group and a carboxyl (COOH) group

Question 14

What do the amine and carboxyl groups determine?

Answer 14

How amino acids assemble into protein polymers

Question 15

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 15

Polypeptide

Question 16

Polypeptide

Answer 16

Consists of a specific order of amino acids and determines the overall shape the protein can achieve

Question 17

What is the R group?

Answer 17

The atom(s) attached to the central carbon

Question 18

What do amino acids differ in?

Answer 18

Their R group

Question 19

R groups can be __________

Answer 19

Hydrophobic (CH3), HYDROPHILIC (CH2–OH), or ionic (CH2–COOH)

Question 20

What does it mean when there are different amino acids in a polypeptide?

Answer 20

Protein has regional differences in structure and function

Question 21

Lipids

Answer 21

Nonpolar macromolecules with no true monomers but has subunits

Question 22

What are the subunits of lipids?

Answer 22

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

What are the types of lipids?

Answer 23

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 24

What are the two types of fatty acids?

Answer 24

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 25

How can you identify an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 25

Double bonds in its carbon skeleton

Question 26

How can you identify a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 26

Doesn’t have double bonds in its carbon skeleton

Question 27

Fatty acids being saturated or unsaturated influence what?

Answer 27

Structure and function

Question 28

Phospholipds

Answer 28

Specialized lipids with hydrophilic (polar) heads and hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails

Question 29

In phospholipids, what do the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions determine?

Answer 29

Their interactions with other molecules

Question 30

What mainly makes up biological membranes?

Answer 30

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 31

Hydrophilic regions

Answer 31

Can interact with each other as well as water environment around a cell

Question 32

Hydrophobic regions

Answer 32

Can interact with each other but not the water environment surrounding a cell