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physiology II > Structure Of The Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Structure Of The Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

The spinal cord is a vital link between …… and …….

A

Brain and body

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2
Q

Does the spine depend on the brain to fully function?

A

No, it can work independently of the brain (walking and reflexes)

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3
Q

what is the length of the spinal cord?

A

40-50 cm

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4
Q

where are the two major spinal cord inlargement located?

A

cervical and lumbar

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5
Q

what causes the spinal cord enlargement in the cervical and lumbar region?

A

excessive amounts of grey matter

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6
Q

where in the spinal cord is the grey matter?

A

on the inside, whereas white matter is on the outside

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7
Q

where does the spinal cord end?

A

around L1-L2 segment

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8
Q

name the spinal cord nerves

A

-cervical (8 nerves)
-thoracic (12)
-lumbar (5)
-sacral (5)
-coccygeal (1)

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9
Q

what nerve is for middle finger sensation?

A

C7

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10
Q

sensation of what spinal nerve is at the level of the nipple line?

A

T4

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11
Q

senstaion of T6 spinal nerve root is at the level of …..

A

the bottom of the sternum

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12
Q

what nerve sensation is at the level of the abdomen?

A

T10

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13
Q

the level of pubic bone is aproxmatley the sensation of ….. nerve root

A

T12

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14
Q

where is the senstion of the of lumbar nerves?

A

over the legs

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15
Q

what nerve sensation is the perineal (genital) area?

A

S3,S4, and S5

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16
Q

a group of neurons in the CNS is called

A

nucleus

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17
Q

a group of neurons in the PNS is called

A

ganglia

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18
Q

what are the membranes covering the spinal cord called?

A

meninges

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19
Q

name the membranes covering the spinal cord

A

-dura matter
-pia matter
-arachnoid matter

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20
Q

the hard and protective outer most membrane covering the spinal cord is called

A

dura matter

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21
Q

the inner most membrane of the spinal cord the contacts the CNS is called

A

pia matter

22
Q

the middle membrane of the spinal cord that is a mesh work is celled

A

arachnoid matter

23
Q

what is the function of the arachnoid matter?

A

it absorbs shock

24
Q

what kills bacteria

A

brain cells called microglia

25
Q

what are the characteristics of the white matter of the spinal cord?

A

-contains axons
-forms nerve tract
-it could be either sensory or motor
-containts glial cell bodies
-it is divided into 3 columns (ventral, dorsal, lateral)

26
Q

what are the characteristics of the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

-it contains condensed cell bodies

-mostly neurons but also glia (oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes)

-divided into three horns (ventral, dorsal, lateral)

27
Q

what is the ventral horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord for?

A

motor function

28
Q

what the dorsal horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord for?

A

sensory function

29
Q

where does the dorsal root of the spinal nerves exit the spinal cord from?

A

from the dorsal horn

30
Q

what does the dorsal root contain?

A

-dorsal root ganglia
-sensory information

31
Q

where does the ventral root of the spinal nerves receive input form?

A

ventral and lateral horns

32
Q

what do the ventral roots receive?

A

-motor information
-does not contain ganglia

33
Q

what do the dorsal and ventral roots form when the converge?

A

spinal nerves

34
Q

a group of sensory nerve cell bodies in the PNS are known as

A

dorsal root ganglia

35
Q

what does each neuron of the DRG give?

A

-it gives one axon that splits into two branches (peripheral and central branches)

36
Q

what is the function of the DRG?

A

transmission of peripheral sensory information to the CNS (afferent)

37
Q

what is the band of nerve tissue connecting the hemispheres of the brain, and the two sides of the spinal cord called?

A

a commissure

38
Q

name the commissures of the spinal cord

A

-pisterior gray commissure
-anterior gray commissure

39
Q

what organization does the sensory area of the brain follow?/ sensory representation in the brain is ….

A

somatotopic orginization/ somatotopic

40
Q

what are dorsal root ganglia important in?

A

sensory relay

41
Q

descending neurons are for what type of control?

A

motor control

42
Q

ascending neurons are for what type of control?

A

sensory control

43
Q

what part of the spinal cord is mostly for sensory input?

A

-dorsal white matter

44
Q

what part of the spinal cord is mostly for motor input?

A

-anterio-lateral aspect of the white matter

45
Q

where are the upper parts of the body represented in the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord?

A

lateral areas of the dorsal white matter

46
Q

where are the lower parts of the body represented in the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord?

A

median areas of the dorsal white matter

47
Q

where are the upper parts of the body represented in the anterio-lateral white matter of the spinal cord?

A

internal regions of the anterio-lateral white matter

48
Q

where are the lower parts of the body represented in the anterio-lateral white matter of the spinal cord?

A

external areas of the anterio-lateral whte matter

49
Q

what area of the white matter of the spinal cord has sensory and motor axons found together?

A

lateral aspect of the white matter

50
Q

what rule does the motor map in the brain follow?

A

median-lateral rule

physiology II (3 decks)

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