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physiology II > nerve I > Flashcards

nerve I Flashcards

1
Q

name the functions of the nervous system

A

-sensory (from all senses)
-memory and thinking
-motor (muscle control)

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2
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A

-central nervous system (CNS)
-peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

what is the CNS composed of?

A

-brain
-spinal cord

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4
Q

what is the PNS composed of?

A

nerves known as ganglia, and they are devided into two:
-somatic (skeletal muscles control)
-autonomic (involuntary control)

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5
Q

what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

-symathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

in the CNS, what is the brain responsible for?

A

-sensations
-motor control
-thoughts
-memory
-emotions

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7
Q

what is the function of the spinal cord?

A

-it acts as the pathway to and from the brain that coordinates subconscious activities, such as stretch reflex and walking.

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8
Q

which nerves that send signals to and from muscles and organs?

A

nerves of the PNS (ganglia)

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9
Q

the PNS has two types of nerves, what are they?

A

-Afferent (sensory)
-Efferent (motor)

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10
Q

what is the pathway of afferent nerves?

A

from muscles and organs to the spinal cord and brain.

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11
Q

what is the pathway of efferent nerves?

A

from brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs

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12
Q

nerves from the brain stem to head region are called ….

A

cranial nerves

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13
Q

nerves from the spinal cord to the body are called ….

A

spinal nerves

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14
Q

name the six major parts of the brain

A

-Cerebrum (telencephalon)
-Thalamus and Hypothalamus (diencephalon)
-Cerebellum
-Midbrain (mesencephalon)
-Pons
-Medulla oblongata

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15
Q

what are the different lobes of the brain called?
(picture slide 10)

A

-frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occiptial lobe

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16
Q

Fissure and Sulcus of the brain (picture slide 10)

A

1-longitudital fissure (between the two hemispheres)y
2-sylvian fissure (between frontal and temporal lobes)
3-central sulcus (between frontal and parietal lobes)
4-parieto-occipital sulcus (between parietal and occipital lobes)

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17
Q

what make up the cerebrum?

A

2 cerebral hemispheres

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18
Q

how are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected?

A

by the corpus callosum and anterior commissure

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19
Q

what part of the cerebral cortex in the motor area?

A

in the frontal lobe

20
Q

what part of the brain is for specific movements (ex: finger)

A

in the motor cortex anterior to the central sulcus (frontal lobe)

21
Q

what part of the brain is for learned skills (sequence of movement)?

A

permotor cortex, anterior to motor cortex

22
Q

Where is the motor area of the brain

A

Frontal lobe

23
Q

what is the function of the prefrontal area of the cerebral cortex? (anterior half of frontal lobe)

A

thougt processes and planning

24
Q

what part of the cerebral cortex is the somesthetic (somatic sensory) area?

A

the entire parietal lobe

25
Q

what are the fucntion of the parietal lobe?

A

somatic sensory control:
-preception of sensations from the body (touch, position, temperature, pain)

-interprets primary sensory signals from receptors (just feel the sensation)

-interprets secondary sensory signals (signals that give meaning to sensation)

26
Q

what are the visual areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

the entire occipital lobe

27
Q

what is the primary and secondary funtion of the occipital lobe?

A

primary:
-to sence visual signals, such as light, darkness, and lines.
secondary:
-to make meaning of visual signals.

28
Q

what are the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

the temporal lobe

29
Q

what is the primary and secondary funtion of the temporal lobe?

A

primary:
-to sence tones and loudnss
secondary:
-to make meaning of auditory signals

30
Q

what is meant by primary and secondary functions of the different cerebral cortex lobes?

A

-primary: to collect information
-secondary: to combine these information and have a full vision and meaning

31
Q

what are the cells of the CNS called?

A

Neurons (they have action potential)

32
Q

what are the cells of the CNS called?

A

Glia (neuroglia)

33
Q

name the different glial cells of the CNS

A

4 major:
-astrocytes
-microglia
-oligodendrocytes
-shwann cells

(+ependymal cells)

34
Q

what are the functions of glial cells

A

-they play a major role in the blood brain barrier (BBB)
-they control extracellular environment of neurons

35
Q

what is the main glial cell the creats the BBB?

A

astrocytes

36
Q

what is the function of the BBB?

A

it blockes any chemicals from going to the brain

37
Q

what glial cells are responsible for myelination?

A

-oligodendrocytes myelinate axons within the CNS (one oligodendrocyte myelinates many axons)

-Shwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS (several Shwann cells myelinate one axon)

38
Q

what is the function of microglia?

A

-immunity in the CNS

39
Q

when are microglia activated?

A

during CNS inflammation

40
Q

what glial cell acts as the gardian of the cell and does not help in function of neurons?

A

microglia

41
Q

name the different parts of a neuron

A

-cell body
-dendrites
-axon

42
Q

what is the function of neurons?

A

synapses

43
Q

what is the function of the neuron’s cell body?

A

nourishment

44
Q

what is the function of the neuron’s dendrites?

A

receiving signals

45
Q

what is the function of the neuron’s axon?

A

a nerve fiber that sends signals

46
Q

synapses

A

it is where the axon ending contacts dendrite, soma, or axon

physiology II (3 decks)

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