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SEM1 ANATOMY > Structure of the skin > Flashcards

Structure of the skin Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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2
Q

What type of epithelia is found in the skin?

A

Keratinised stratified squamos epithelium

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3
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
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4
Q

What are the two types of skin

A

hirstute-hairy

glaborous- no hair, thick skin, lots of keratin

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5
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Specialised epithelia that secrete keratin

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6
Q

What is cornification?

A

The upwards movement of keratinocytes accompanied by structural changes

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7
Q

What other cells can be found in the epidermis?

A

Langerhans
melanocytes
merkel cells
Free nerve endings

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8
Q

What is the function of merkel cells?

A

mechanoreceptors sensitive to light touch in the epidermis

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis? What are their differences?

A

papillary

reticular- thicker, more collagen and elastin fibres

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10
Q

What structures are found in the dermis?

A 
sebaceous glands
hair follicles
erector pili
pilosebaceous units
sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine)
blood vessels
cutaneous sensory nerves
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11
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

secretory glands that relax an oily lubricating wax called sebum

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12
Q

What is a pilosebaceous unit?

A

sebaceous gland + hair follicle

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13
Q

What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine glands?

A

Eccrine secrete directly onto skin

Apocrine secrete into hair follicle duct

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14
Q

Whats the function of an eccrine gland?

A

secrete clear, odourless sweat

thermoregulation

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15
Q

Whats the function of an apocrine gland?

A

found in genitals/axilla

produce body odour

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16
Q

What are the 3 main cutaneous sensory nerves?

A

Meisenners corpuscule
Pacinian corpuscule
free nerve endings

17
Q

Describe the structure/function of meisenners corpuscules

A

found in dermis

sensitive to light touch

18
Q

Describe the structure/function of Pacinian corpuscules

A

found in dermis

sensitive to pressure and vibrations

19
Q

describe the structure and function of free nerve endings

A

found in BOTH epidermis and dermis

sensitive to pain, itch and temperature

20
Q

what are the functions of each layer of the epidermis?

A 
Basale- mitosis
Spinosum- increase in tight cell junctions
Granulosum- lipids and waterproofing
Lucidium- increase in keratin production
Corneum- corneocytes filled with keratin
21
Q

what is the function of the hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous fat storage- adipose tissue

SEM1 ANATOMY (9 decks)

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