Structure of the Skeletal System Flashcards
Where is the Scapula
Shoulder Blade
Where is the Humerous
Upper arm
Where is the Radius
Outer lower arm
Where is the Ulna
Inner lower arm
Where is the Pelvis
Hips
Where are the Carpals
Centre of the hands
Where are the Metacarpals
Fingers
Where is the Femur
Upper leg
Where is the Patella
The Knee
Where is the Tibia
Inner lower leg
Where is the Fibia
Outer lower leg
Where is the Talus
Lower part of the ankle joint (in between where the ankle and the foot meets)
What are the six main functions of the skeletal system
Movement
Support
Protection
Production of blood cells
Mineral Storage
Structural Shape
Where is the Cranium
The Skull
What are the 7 types of bones
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, sutural bones, sesamoid bones and irregular bones
Example of a long bone (there are 10)
Clavicle (connects the arm to the body), Tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Where are the Phalanges
Ends of fingers
Example of a Short bone
Carpals and Tarsals…
Carpals in the wrist (scaphoid, lunate, triquertal, hamate, pisiform, capitate, trapezoid and trapezium) and the tarsals in the ankles (calcaneus, TALUS navicular, cuboid, leteral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and medial cuneiform)
Example of a flat bone
Scapula, Sternum and cranium
Examples of Sesamoid bones
Patella (Knee Cap)
Examples of Irregular Bones
vertebrae, coccyx, sacrum, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, zygomatic, mandible, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, palatine, and hyoid
What is a Joint
A Joint is a place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation
What is a Synovial Joint
Synovial Joints (freely movable joints) allow us the freely movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity
What is Synovial Fluid
Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement.
What are the main features of a synovial joint
In a Synovial joint, the ends of bones are encased in smooth cartilage. Together, they are protected by a joint capsule lined with a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid. The capsule and fluid protect the cartilage, muscles, and connective tissues.
What are the 7 types of joints
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket Joints
Pivotal Joint
Hinge Joints
Saddle Joints
Condyloid Joints
Example of a Fibrous Joint (immovable Joint)
Cranium
What is a Cartilaginous Joint and what is an example
Cartilaginous Joints are a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage.
Example - Sternocostal joint
What is a Synovial Joint and what is an example.
Synovial Joint is the type of joint found between bones that move against each other such as the joints of the limbs, such as EG.. Shoulder, Hip, elbow and Knee, Characteristically it has a joint cavity filled with fluid
Example - Shoulder, Knee, Elbow, Shoulder
What is a ball and socket joint and what is an example.
Ball and socket - these types of joint can be found at the shoulder and hip and allow movement in almost every direction. A ball and socket joint is made up of a round end of one bone that fits into a small cup-like area of another bone.
Example - Upper arm and shoulder, upper leg and hip
What is a Pivotal Joint and what is an example
Pivot Joins are freely moveable joints that allow rotatory movement of bones, around a single axis.
Example - in the neck
What is a Hinge joint and what is an example
A hinge joint is a type of synovial joint . the hinge joint is made up of two or more bones with articular surfaces that are covered by cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid
Example - elbow, knee.
What is a saddle joint and what is an example
Synovial Joint is a type of synovial joint that supports a wide range of movement. saddle joint scan move up and down and back and forth.
Example - whilst there are 300 joints in the body there are only 3 saddle joints… Shoulder, Thumb, Ear
What is a Condyloid Joint and what is an example
Condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allows for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
Example - the wrist
What are the 7 Types of joint Movement
Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion
What is Flexion
Bending a joint. occurs when the angle of a joint decreases.
Example - whilst performing a bicep curl
What is Extension
Straightening a joint. this occurs when the angle of a joint increases.
Example - At the elbow when putting a shot (in shotput)
What is Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body.
Example - Occurs at the hip and the shoulder joints during a star jump movement
What is Rotation
This is where the limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed joint towards or away from the midline of the body.
Example - Occurs in the hip while performing a drive shot in golf
What is Plantar Flexion
Pointing the toes. Occurs only at the ankle
Example - Pointing the toes in ballet
What is Dorsiflexion
The foot moves towards the shin as if you are pulling your toes up. this movement only occurs at the ankle
