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BIOS4001 - Cardiovascular System > Structure of the heart > Flashcards

Structure of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

What type of blood does the right side of the heart receive?

A

deoxygenated (venous) blood

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2
Q

What type of blood does the left side of the heart receive?

A

oxygenated blood

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3
Q

Where does blood travel from and to?

A

Right side of heart
↓
Lungs
↓
Left side of heart
↓
Body

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4
Q

What are the 2 divisions of circulation?

A
  • Systemic circulation
  • Pulmonary circulation
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5
Q

What does systemic circulation involve?

A

Circulation of blood between the heart and body (to and from)

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6
Q

What does pulmonary circulation involve?

A

Circulation of blood between the heart and lungs (to and from)

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7
Q

Describe the blood pressure in the circulation systems

A
  • systemic circulation = high pressure
  • pulmonary circulation = low pressure
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8
Q

What is our resting heart rate?

A

70 bpm

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9
Q

What is our resting cardiac output (CO)?

A

5 L/min

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10
Q

What is the order of layers of the heart wall (from outer to inner)?

A

(pericardium layers)
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium

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11
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Layers of cells surrounding the heart like a sack

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12
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A
  • fibrous pericardium
  • serous pericardium
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13
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium made up of?

A

connective tissue

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14
Q

What is the serous pericardium made up of?

A

2 layers of epithelial cells with a gap in the middle called the pericardial cavity.

parietal layer
━━━━━━
cavity
━━━━━━
epicardium (aka visceral layer)

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15
Q

What 2 epithelial surfaces does the serous pericardium consist of?

A
  • parietal pericardium
  • visceral pericardium (epicardium)
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16
Q

What order do the layers in the serous pericardium come?

A

parietal pericardium
━━━━━━━━━━
pericardial cavity
━━━━━━━━━━
visceral pericardium (epicardium)

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17
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

Fluid that fills the gap between the 2 serous pericardium layers.
- Acts as a lubricant

18
Q

What is the myocardium?

A
  • cardiac muscle tissue
  • thickest and muscular layer of the heart
19
Q

What is the endocardium?

A
  • inner surface of heart
  • in contact with blood
20
Q

What are the 2 layers of the endocardium?

A
  • loose, connective tissue
  • endothelium (innermost layer surrounding heart)
21
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

Major vein that brings blood back to the heart from the body.

22
Q

What are the 2 types of vena cavas?

A
  • inferior
  • superior
23
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do?

A

Brings venous blood from the lower part of the body to the right side of the heart.

24
Q

What does the superior vena cava do?

A

Brings venous blood from the upper regions of the body to the right side of the heart.

25
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of heart to the lungs

26
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do?

A

Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart.

27
Q

What is the aorta?

A

(Aortic arch)
- big artery above the heart and pulmonary arteries
- sends oxygenated blood to the brain and body

28
Q

What is the interventricular septum?

A

Division between the right and left side of the heart.

29
Q

What are the valves located under the left and right atrium?

A
  • left: mitral (atrioventricular) & aortic valve
  • right: tricuspid (atrioventricular) & pulmonary valve
30
Q

What surrounds the valves?

A

Fibrous skeleton of the heart - tough, connective tissue

31
Q

What insulation does the fibrous skeleton provide?

A

Electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles

32
Q

What is the coronary circulation?

A

Blood circulation to the heart

33
Q

What is the arterial supply?

A

Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart

34
Q

What is the venous outflow/drainage?

A

Drains the venous blood back towards the heart

35
Q

What is a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

A

Coronary circulation becomes blocked due to coronary artery disease

36
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Plaque formation

37
Q

What is a (coronary) thrombosis?

A

Blood clot in a vein or artery

38
Q

What is an infarct?

A

Non-functional area due to degeneration of tissue (dead tissue)

39
Q

What does the size of an infarct depend on?

A
  • the site of infarct
  • nature of the circulatory blockage
40
Q

What is the structure of the cardiac muscle?

A
  • striated muscle
  • branched cells
  • intercalated discs
  • 1/2 nuclei in middle of cell
41
Q

What do intercalated discs consist of?

A
  • fascia adherens
  • desmosomes
  • gap junctions

BIOS4001 - Cardiovascular System (6 decks)

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