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BIOS4001 - Cardiovascular System > Control of blood flow > Flashcards

Control of blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

Define blood flow (BF)

A

Volume of blood flowing per unit time through a blood vessel or group of blood vessels

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2
Q

Define total blood flow

A

Volume of blood flowing per unit time around the whole circulation (cardiac output & venous return)

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3
Q

Define blood pressure (BP)

A

hydrostatic pressure in the circulation when the heart is beating (arterial BP & venous BP)

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4
Q

Define peripheral resistance (PR)

A

the resistance of the blood vessel, primarily due to friction between blood and the blood vessel wall

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5
Q

Define total peripheral resistance (TPR)

A

the resistance in the total circulation
- especially in the arterioles

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6
Q

What is the symbol and unit for blood flow?

A

Q ml/min

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7
Q

What is Darcy’s Law of Flow?

A

Q ∝ ΔP/R

Q = blood flow
ΔP (pressure) = P1 - P2
R = resistance

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8
Q

State the relationship between BF and BP

A

BF ∝ BP

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9
Q

State the relationship between BF and PR

A

BF ∝ 1/PR

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10
Q

State the relationship between CO and BP

A

CO ∝ BP

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11
Q

State the relationship between CO and TPR

A

CO ∝ TPR

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12
Q

How does resistance occur in the blood flow?

A

Interactions between blood and the vessel wall, causing blood to lose motion due to friction & drag.
- turbulent flow

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13
Q

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

A

R ∝ Lη / r^4

R = resistance
L = length of vessel
η = blood viscosity
r = radius of vessel

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14
Q

Define vasomotion

A

changes to vessel radius

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15
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

reduction in vessel radius

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16
Q

Define vasodilation

A

increase in vessel radius

17
Q

Define vascular tone

A

The degree of constriction of a blood vessel relative to its maximum diameter

18
Q

What is vascular tone affected by?

A
  • stretch
  • nerves
  • hormones
  • local factors
19
Q

What nerves control the blood vessel tone?

A

sympathetic nerves

20
Q

Define basal sympathetic constrictor tone

A

low, continuous activity of sympathetic constrictor nerves

21
Q

What do the changes in sympathetic tone affect?

A
  • vessel radius
  • vascular resistance
  • blood flow
22
Q

What do local metabolites do?

A
  • produced by active tissues
  • have vasodilatory actions on blood vessels
23
Q

What is metabolic autoregulation?

A

mechanism to increase blood flow to active tissues

24
Q

What are the local factors of local metabolites?

A
  • low O2 and high CO2
  • high local temp
  • metabolic acids
  • high H+ and K+ ion conc
  • NO released (vasodilator) in response to shear stress

BIOS4001 - Cardiovascular System (6 decks)

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