structure of the genome and mutation 1.5 and 1.6 Flashcards
what is the genome of an organism
its entire heredatory information encoded in dna
what is a genome made up of
genes which code for prodeins
genes that dont code for proteins
what sequences does most of the genome of a eukaryote consist of
non coding sequences
what do non coding sequences do
regulate transcription
transcribed but not translated
no known function
what are mutations
changes in the dna rhat can result in no protein or an altered protein being formed
single gene mutations happen as a result of
substitution
insersion or
deletion
name the three nucleotide mutations
missense
nonsense
splice site mutations
missense mutations result in
one amino acid being changed for another resulting in a non functional protein or having little effect on the protein
nonsense mutations result in
premature stop codon being produced resulting in a shorter protein
splice site mutations result in
some introns being retained or some exons being cut out of mature transcript
nucleotide insersions or deletions result in what kind of mutation
frame shift
what do frame shift mutations cause
all codons and all amino acids after mutation to be changed having major effect on protein produced
types of chromosome structure mutations
duplication
deletion
inversion
translocation
