Structure Of The Brain

Question 1

Localisation of function

Answer 1

Specialization of particular brain structure or areas for particular functions

Question 2

Brain stem

Answer 2

The part of the brain at the top ognthe spinal cord, consisting of the medulla and pins and midbrain

Question 3

Medulla

Answer 3

A Structure in the brain stem responsible for certain automatic functions, such as breathing and heart rate

Question 4

Pons

Answer 4

Rostral (anterior) to medulla, is involved in sleeping, walking, and dreaming, and relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

Question 5

Reticular activating system

Answer 5

A dense network of neurons found in the core of the brain stem it arouses the cortex and screens incoming information

Question 6

Mid brain

Answer 6

Rosteal to pins involved in control of eye movement relays to auditory and motor movement

Question 7

Cerebellum ‘lesser brain’

Answer 7

A structure that regulates movement and balance, and timing that id involved in the learning of simple kinds of responses

Question 8

For brain

Answer 8

Emotions memory and thought

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

A brain structure that relays sensory messages to the vertebral cortex involved in the tracking of visual and auditory information and the execution of movements

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

A brain structure involved in emotions and drives vital to survive fear hunger thirst and reproductions it regulates the AND through pituitary secretions

Question 11

Pituitary gland

Answer 11

A small endocrine glands at the base if the brain which released many hormones and regulated other endocrine glands

Question 12

Limbic system

Answer 12

A group of brain areas involved in emotional reactions and motivated behaviour
emotion and pleasure center of rat brains as seen in repeated bar pressing in a study by Olds&Milner

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

A brain structure involved in the arousal and regulation of emotion and the initial emotional response to sensory information
Smell and planning
Evaluating sensory information anxiety and depression

Question 14

Hippocampus

Answer 14

A brain structure involovednin the storage of new information in memory - gateway to memory
“HM”- man with no memory for new events, although he could learn new tasks to skills

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

The largest part of the brain consisting of upper parts of the forebrain, it’s in charge of most sensory, motor and congnitice processes

Question 16

Cerebral hemisphere

Answer 16

Two halves of the cerebrum

Question 17

Corpus Callosum

Answer 17

The bundle of nerve fibres connecting the two hemispheres

Question 18

Cerebral cortext

Answer 18

Several the in layers of cells covering the cerebrum “ grey matter” cell bodies of the cortex “white matter” is myelinated (covered) axons elsewhere in the brain

Question 19

Occipital loves

Answer 19

Lower back part of the brain aka visual cortex

Question 20

Parietal Lobes

Answer 20

top and side walls - somatosensory areas with more sensory function have larger areas (i.e., face and hands)

Question 21

Temporal Lobes

Answer 21

sides of brain (temples) involved in memory, perception, emotion and language, including the auditory cortex.
Experience God Prosopagnosia -Facial Recognition disability

Question 22

Frontal Lobes - Front - forehead -.

Answer 22

Frontal Lobescontain motor cortex for voluntary movement, and ability to make plans, think creatively and take initiative.

Question 23

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 23

most anterior parts of frontal cortex mice & rats -3.5% in cats, 7% in dogs, 17% in chimps, 29% in humans. > personality
Case of -Phineas Gage - tamping rod through pf cortex - “was able to speak, think, & remember but he changed his personality from ‘mild-mannered’, friendly, efficient work into a foul-mouthed, ill-tempered, undependable lout who could not hold a steady job or a plan.” This is an area that controls other areas (i.e. limbic system) and implies “free-will”

Question 24

Split brain

Answer 24

Two minds in one head

1953 Myers & Sperry - severed the corpus callosum in cats. Blindfolded one eye - learn to push bar to get treat. Changed eyes and it acted as though it had learned nothing.

Question 25

Spilt-Brain Surgery

Answer 25

Most people have language in left brain
- Temporal Wernicke’s area comprehension and meaning
- Frontal Broca’s area for production

Presented “split images” - Faces cut in half to each visual field - brief exposure
-say what you saw (left brain) - Right side image»verbal -right visual field

Question 26

The special abilites of the Right & Left Brain
Right
Left
Lateralisation

Answer 26

The special abilites of the Right & Left Brains
Language is typically in the left hemisphere for nearly all right handers and most left handers.

Left side is also more active for some logical tasks (i.e, math problems & technical understanding)

Right side mental skill vastly inferior to cog level of a chimpanzee and that left side tries to explain actions or emotions from non-verbal side (Gazzaniga, 1983)

Right side - superior in problem requiring spatial - visual facial recognition, music, art, non-verbal sounds (dog bark) & some language ability including metaphors (Sperry, 1982).
Rational analytic vs. intuitive, holistic
Jill Bolte Taylor’s report on her stroke and right hemisphere

Lateralisation -challenges: Lefthanders in a Righthanded world.