Structure Of The Brain Flashcards
Localisation of function
Specialization of particular brain structure or areas for particular functions
Brain stem
The part of the brain at the top ognthe spinal cord, consisting of the medulla and pins and midbrain
Medulla
A Structure in the brain stem responsible for certain automatic functions, such as breathing and heart rate
Pons
Rostral (anterior) to medulla, is involved in sleeping, walking, and dreaming, and relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum
Reticular activating system
A dense network of neurons found in the core of the brain stem it arouses the cortex and screens incoming information
Mid brain
Rosteal to pins involved in control of eye movement relays to auditory and motor movement
Cerebellum ‘lesser brain’
A structure that regulates movement and balance, and timing that id involved in the learning of simple kinds of responses
For brain
Emotions memory and thought
Thalamus
A brain structure that relays sensory messages to the vertebral cortex involved in the tracking of visual and auditory information and the execution of movements
Hypothalamus
A brain structure involved in emotions and drives vital to survive fear hunger thirst and reproductions it regulates the AND through pituitary secretions
Pituitary gland
A small endocrine glands at the base if the brain which released many hormones and regulated other endocrine glands
Limbic system
A group of brain areas involved in emotional reactions and motivated behaviour
emotion and pleasure center of rat brains as seen in repeated bar pressing in a study by Olds&Milner
Amygdala
A brain structure involved in the arousal and regulation of emotion and the initial emotional response to sensory information
Smell and planning
Evaluating sensory information anxiety and depression
Hippocampus
A brain structure involovednin the storage of new information in memory - gateway to memory
“HM”- man with no memory for new events, although he could learn new tasks to skills
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain consisting of upper parts of the forebrain, it’s in charge of most sensory, motor and congnitice processes
Cerebral hemisphere
Two halves of the cerebrum
Corpus Callosum
The bundle of nerve fibres connecting the two hemispheres
Cerebral cortext
Several the in layers of cells covering the cerebrum “ grey matter” cell bodies of the cortex “white matter” is myelinated (covered) axons elsewhere in the brain
Occipital loves
Lower back part of the brain aka visual cortex
Parietal Lobes
top and side walls - somatosensory areas with more sensory function have larger areas (i.e., face and hands)
Temporal Lobes
sides of brain (temples) involved in memory, perception, emotion and language, including the auditory cortex.
Experience God Prosopagnosia -Facial Recognition disability
Frontal Lobes - Front - forehead -.
Frontal Lobescontain motor cortex for voluntary movement, and ability to make plans, think creatively and take initiative.
Prefrontal Cortex
most anterior parts of frontal cortex mice & rats -3.5% in cats, 7% in dogs, 17% in chimps, 29% in humans. > personality
Case of -Phineas Gage - tamping rod through pf cortex - “was able to speak, think, & remember but he changed his personality from ‘mild-mannered’, friendly, efficient work into a foul-mouthed, ill-tempered, undependable lout who could not hold a steady job or a plan.” This is an area that controls other areas (i.e. limbic system) and implies “free-will”
Split brain
Two minds in one head
1953 Myers & Sperry - severed the corpus callosum in cats. Blindfolded one eye - learn to push bar to get treat. Changed eyes and it acted as though it had learned nothing.
