Structure of Skeleton Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
- Consists of 80 bones
- Comprised mainly of the spine, ribs and much of the skull
Appendicular Skeleton
- Consists of 126 bones
- Comprised of the moveable limbs and their supporting structures
Pectoral Girdle
- 4 bones
- Left and right clavicles and scapulae
Arms and forearms
- 6 bones
- Left and right humerus, ulna and radius
Hands
- 54 bones
- Left and right carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges
Pelvis
- 2 bones
- Left and right hip bones
Thighs and Legs
- 8 bones
- Left and right femur, patella, tibia and fibula
Feet and Ankles
- 52 bones
- Left and right tarsals, metatarsals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges
Landmarks
A ridge, bump, groove, depression or prominence on the surface of a bone that serves as a guide to the location of other body structures
Anatomy of a Long Bone:
(Yay this is just a title slide, keep up the good work B!)
Cartilage
- Located on both ends of a long bone
- Allows smooth movement within joints while protecting the ends of the bones
- Cartilage does not have a blood supply or nerve endings
Periosteum
- Name given to the outer connective tissue the covers the entire length of the bone
- Periosteum fibres alongside tendons and ligaments work together to connect muscle to bone
The medullary Cavity
Found inside the shaft of the bone and is filled with bone marrow
Red/Yellow Bone Marrow
Red Marrow: where blood cell formation occurs
Yellow Marrow: Made of fat cells and connective tissues, this has no role in blood cell formation
Compact Bone
Dense part of bone that is responsible for structural support
Cancellous Bone (Spongy Bone)
- Filled with marrow in its small cavity like spaces
- Cancellous bone will strengthen with exercise
Epiphysis
- Ends of a long bone
- Outer surface is made of compact bone, the part that articulates with another bone is covered with cartilage
Epiphyseal plates (Growth Plates)
- Occur at various locations at the epiphysis of long bones
Cortex
- Exterior layer of bones
- Cortex is dense and smooth
- Interior core consists of networks of fibres (trabeculae) that mesh with blood vessels and bone marrow
Trabeculae
- Consists of bony fibres arranged in a straight line like system running throughout the cancellous tissue
