Structure of Skeleton

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

• Consists of 80 bones

- Comprised mainly of the spine, ribs and much of the skull

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

• Consists of 126 bones

- Comprised of the moveable limbs and their supporting structures

Question 3

Pectoral Girdle

Answer 3

• 4 bones

- Left and right clavicles and scapulae

Question 4

Arms and forearms

Answer 4

• 6 bones

- Left and right humerus, ulna and radius

Question 5

Hands

Answer 5

• 54 bones

- Left and right carpals, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges

Question 6

Pelvis

Answer 6

• 2 bones

- Left and right hip bones

Question 7

Thighs and Legs

Answer 7

• 8 bones

- Left and right femur, patella, tibia and fibula

Question 8

Feet and Ankles

Answer 8

• 52 bones

- Left and right tarsals, metatarsals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges and distal phalanges

Question 9

Landmarks

Answer 9

A ridge, bump, groove, depression or prominence on the surface of a bone that serves as a guide to the location of other body structures

Question 10

Anatomy of a Long Bone:

Answer 10

(Yay this is just a title slide, keep up the good work B!)

Question 11

Cartilage

Answer 11

• Located on both ends of a long bone
• Allows smooth movement within joints while protecting the ends of the bones
• Cartilage does not have a blood supply or nerve endings

Question 12

Periosteum

Answer 12

• Name given to the outer connective tissue the covers the entire length of the bone
• Periosteum fibres alongside tendons and ligaments work together to connect muscle to bone

Question 13

The medullary Cavity

Answer 13

Found inside the shaft of the bone and is filled with bone marrow

Question 14

Red/Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 14

Red Marrow: where blood cell formation occurs

Yellow Marrow: Made of fat cells and connective tissues, this has no role in blood cell formation

Question 15

Compact Bone

Answer 15

Dense part of bone that is responsible for structural support

Question 16

Cancellous Bone (Spongy Bone)

Answer 16

• Filled with marrow in its small cavity like spaces

- Cancellous bone will strengthen with exercise

Question 17

Epiphysis

Answer 17

• Ends of a long bone

- Outer surface is made of compact bone, the part that articulates with another bone is covered with cartilage

Question 18

Epiphyseal plates (Growth Plates)

Answer 18

• Occur at various locations at the epiphysis of long bones

Question 19

Cortex

Answer 19

• Exterior layer of bones
• Cortex is dense and smooth
• Interior core consists of networks of fibres (trabeculae) that mesh with blood vessels and bone marrow

Question 20

Trabeculae

Answer 20

• Consists of bony fibres arranged in a straight line like system running throughout the cancellous tissue