Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human anatomy > Structure of Skeletal Muscle Tissue chapter 10 > Flashcards

Structure of Skeletal Muscle Tissue chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

epimysium

A

the outer layer encircling the entire muscle.
made of dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

perimysium

A

a membrane that surrounds groups of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers separating them into bundles called muscle fascicles.
Made of dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

endomysium

A

a membrane that separates individual muscle fibers from each other.
Mostly of reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tendon

A

Attaches a muscle to the periosteum of bone
made of collagen fibers and regular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ligament

A

dense regular connective tissue attaches bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheetlike tendon joining one muscle with another or with bone
example: epicranial aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

perichondrium

A

membrane that covers cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flexor

A

skeletal muscle that decreases angle at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pronator

A

movement of forearm turning palm posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extensor

A

increases angle at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

abductor

A

moves a part away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

supinator

A

turning palm anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

myology

A

study of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

striated and voluntary
move the bones of skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

striated and involuntary
most of heart wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

in walls of hallow internal structures
non striated and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adduction

A

“add” brings arm closer to midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

skeletal muscle has the most _____

A

variations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sarcolemma

A

the plasma cell membrane of a skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sarcoplasma

A

the cytoplasma of the skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

the endoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle
stores calcium in muscle cell
fluid filled system of membraneous sacs that encircles each myofibril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 groups of proteins

A
  1. contractile (actin and myosin and filaments) = shortens the muscle therefore generate force during contraction
  2. regulatory (troponin and tropomyosin)= help switch contractions on and off
  3. structural integrity proteins (maintains structure like 3 ring binder)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the triad mechanism to stimulate overlap (contraction) of filaments?

A

T-tubule
Terminal Cistern
Calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sarcomere =

A

a contractile unit of a muscle
The I and A bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

as muscle contracts, what gets shorter?

A

myosin and actin get shorter as they overlap

26
Q

acetylcholine

A

muscle cell neurotransmitter which triggers muscle impulse

27
Q

synapse

A

a space btw the 2 membranes

28
Q

acetylcholine esterase

A

breaks down acetylcholine (the muscle cell neurotransmitter) and ends the impulse

29
Q

single twitch =

A

muscle contraction

30
Q

wave summation

A

2 twtiches

31
Q

white muscle fibers

A

rapid response

32
Q

dark muscle fibers

A

tryptophan
more muscle activity/strength

33
Q

synergist muscle

A

a muscle that assists the prime mover by reducing undesired action or unnecessary movement

34
Q

antagonist muscle

A

a muscle that has an action opposite of prime mover and yields to the movement of the prime mover

35
Q

contraction cycle

A

the repeating sequence of events that causes the sliding of filaments

36
Q

steps of contraction cycle

A
  1. myosin ATPase hydrolyzes ATP and becomes energized
  2. myosin head attaches to actin forming a cross bridge
  3. cross bridge generates force as it rotates towards the center of the sarcomere (powerstroke)
  4. ATP bound to myosin head detaches it from actin and myosin head hydrolyzes ATP to return to original position, and binds to new site on actin as the cycle continues
37
Q

to start filament sliding what must happen?

A

an increase in calcium concentration in the sarcoplasm

38
Q

what must happen to turn off sliding process of filament?
this makes muscle fiber relax

A

decrease calcium concentration in the sarcoplasm

39
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

is the synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

40
Q

thick myofilament

A

myosin

41
Q

thin myofilament

A

actin

42
Q

contractions are generated by

A

sliding of thin filaments past thick filaments

43
Q

once terminal cisterne releases calcium, it will

A

bind to troponin

44
Q

______ and ______ are regulatory proteins bound to actin

A

troponin and tropomyosin

45
Q

what two chemical are needed for muscle contraction to occur?

A

calcium and ATP

46
Q

the chemical that accumulates in the muscle when oxygen is depleted

A

lactic acid

47
Q

sliding filament theory

A

muscle fibers shorten as the actin and myosin filaments pull on each other

48
Q

myofilament

A

contractile filament; may be thick or thin

49
Q

oxygen debt

A

added O2 over and above the resting O2 consumption, that is taken into the body after exercise

50
Q

the binding sites for the cross bridges are located on

A

actin

51
Q

In order to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles, creatine phosphate (CP) transfers __________ to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

A

phosphate

52
Q

ATP can be made in muscles from stored glucose. In muscles, glucose is stored in the form of __________.

A

glycogen

53
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the production of ATP for muscle contraction?

A

CP, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration

54
Q

Calcium ions will cause the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner as to expose the actin binding sites. The calcium ions are released from the __________.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

55
Q

Which of the following cells converts lactic acid back to pyruvic acid so pyruvic acid can be involved in producing ATP?

A

liver cells

56
Q

What is the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
Choose 1 answer:

A

To prevent myosin from continuing to slide up the actin filament

57
Q

What is the role of acetylcholine in calcium release?

A

Stimulates cellular contraction by opening voltage-gated ion channels

58
Q

myofibril

A

small structures in sarcoplasm and are the contractile organelles of skeletal muscle

59
Q

Sequence of muscle contraction

A
  1. Motor nerve’s impulse action potential arrives at axon terminal of the neuromuscular junction
  2. Calcium ions rush in and react with synaptic vesicles
    3.Synaptic vesicles fuse with cell membrane
    4.Acetylcholine released via process of exocytosis
    5.Acetylcholine binds with receptor sites on motor end plate causing depolarization of motor end plate and sarcolemma
    6Impulse travels T- tubules & sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
    7.Calcium ions released
    8Calcium binds with troponin
    9.Shift of tropomyosin, make sites available for myosin
    10.With ATP present, ATPase splits ATP to ADP + P + Energy
    11.Myosin (S1 units) combine with actin
    12.Sliding action of actin over myosin (Power Stroke)
    13.Impulse stops to muscle: calcium ions rapidly return to SR
    14Tropomyosin returns over active sites on actin and contraction ceases
60
Q

fascia

A

large connective tissue sheets that wrap around groups of muscles

61
Q

myoglobin

A

oxygen binding, iron containing protein in the sarcoplasm of muscle fibers; contributes to red color in muscle

62
Q
A

Human anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions