Structure Of Prokaryotic Cells And Of Viruses Flashcards
Example of prokaryotic cells (2)
Bacteria
Archaea
Prokaryotic cells are much ……. Then eukaryotic cells
Smaller
Prokaryotic cells lack….
Membrane bond organelles
What does having no nucleus in prokaryotic cells mean for the DNA
Singular circular DNA molecule that is free in the cytoplasm and is not associated with any proteins
Can contain plasmids
What do plasmids contain
Small number of genes - can make it resistant to antibiotics
In prokaryotic cells the ribosomes are ….. (give specific size number)
Smaller
70S
What is the cell wall in bacteria made of
Glycoprotein aka murein
What is peptidoglycan
A polymer formed between peptides and polysaccharide molecules
What is the function of the bacteria cell wall
Helps maintain structure of the cell
What do some bacteria produce on the outside of the cell
(What does it do)
Slime capsule
Protects from phagocytosis
Some prokaryotic cells contain ….. to help them move
flagellum
What are pili
Fine protein strands on bacteria
What are the fine protein strands on bacteria called
Pili
What do pili do
Help bacteria attach to surfaces or onto each other and share DNA
What are the nutrient stores in bacteria
Lipid droplets
Glycogen granules
What is a mesosome
Infolding in the cells membrane of prokaryotic cells created when preparing the bacteria cell
(Look like a whit hole star thingy)
Viruses can only reproduce…
When inside a host cell
Do viruses have genetic material
Yes
What is the genetic material in a virus contained in
A protein structure called a capsid
What is found on the surface of a virus
Attachment proteins
What is the capsid sometimes surrounded by
A lipid envelope
What does acellular mean
Not based on cells
Why a viruses counted as non-living
They cannot reproduce by themselves
How do bacteria divide
Binary fission
Function of attachment protein
Let viruses cling onto suitable host cell
What is another name for protein attachments
Protein antigens
Why would there be a faster rate of plasmid replication in an area with high amino acid concentrations
Amino acids used in respiration
More energy for plasmid replication
Difference in DNA between nucleus of plant cell and in DNA in prokaryotic cell x5
Histones. / no histones
No plasmids. / plasmids
Longer. / shorter
Introns. / no introns
Linear. / circular
Name an organelle found in both chloroplast and prokaryotic cells
Ribosomes
