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A Level Biology - Cells > Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Example of Eukaryotic organisms (3)

A

Animals
Plants
Fungi

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2
Q

In all eukaryotic cells where is the DNA contained

A

Membrane-bound nucleus

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3
Q

What is the DNA wrapped around

A

Proteins called histones

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4
Q

What do the DNA and the histone proteins form together

A

Chromosomes

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5
Q

Why is the DNA coiled

A

To pack a great deal of DNA into the nucleus

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6
Q

DNA is a linear molecule.
This means….

A

The ends of the DNA molecule in a chromosome are not joined together to form a loop

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7
Q

What features do plants cells have that animal don’t

A

-cell wall
-permanent vacuole
-chloroplasts

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8
Q

Which organelles is a eukaryotic cell are not membrane bond

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

What do scientists say about eukaryotic cells and ribosomes

A

Eukaryotic cells contain 80S ribosomes

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10
Q

What is the function of a cell-surface membrain

A

Helps to control the molecules that can pass in and out of the cell

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11
Q

Function of the cell wall

A

Helps the cell to maintain its structure

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12
Q

In plants cells what is the cell wall made of

A

Polysaccharide cellulose

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13
Q

In fungi what is the cell wall made of

A

Polysaccharide chitin

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14
Q

What is the liquid inside the nucleus called

A

Nucleoplasm

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15
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus

A

produces rRNA and ribosomes

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16
Q

Structure of the nucleus

A

Double membrane aka nuclear envelope
With nuclear pores
Contains nucleolus

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17
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic material/ DNA

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18
Q

Structure of the cell membrane

A

Found surface of animal cell or within cell wall in plant cells
Usually made of lipids and proteins

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19
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

To allow substances to pass in and out of the cell
Receptors which respond to chemicals like hormones

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20
Q

Structure Mitochondria

A

Contains double membrane the inner one is folded to form a structure called cristae
Contains enzymes inside

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21
Q

Function of Mitochondria

A

Site if aerobic respiration
To release energy / produce ATP

22
Q

Structure of chloroplasts

A

Double membrane
Stacked membrane called grana
Grana linked by lamellae

23
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Carry out photosynthesis

24
Q

Structure of Golgi apparatus

A

A Group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs
Vesicles are often found nearby

25
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Packing of enzymes to be released from the cell
Modifies proteins

26
Q

Structure of Golgi vesicles

A

A small fluid filled sack in the cytoplasm 

27
Q

Function of Golgi vesicles

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

28
Q

Structure lysosomes

A

Small circle with no internal structure

29
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes
Digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell

30
Q

Structure ribosomes (where are they found)

A

Found attached to Rough ER

31
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

32
Q

Structure Rough ER

A

A system of membranes covered in ribosomes

33
Q

Function of Rough ER

A

Produces proteins
Joining amino acids

34
Q

Structure Smooth ER

A

Same as Rough but - ribosomes

35
Q

Function of Smooth ER

A

Synthesises and process lipids

36
Q

Cell wall structure

A

A rigid outer structure that surrounds cells in plant, algae, bacteria and fungi

37
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape

38
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the vacuole called

A

Tonoplast

39
Q

Function of cell vacuole

A

To help maintain pressure in the cell and keep the cell rigid
Isolation of unwanted chemicals

40
Q

What is the liquid inside the mitochondria called

A

Matrix

41
Q

What are the dots inside mitochondria called

A

Ribosomes

42
Q

What are the dots inside the nucleus called

A

Chromatin

43
Q

What is the membrane that makes up the granum called

A

Thylakoid

44
Q

What is a stack of thylakoids known as

A

Granum

45
Q

What is the name of the membrane that connects the Granum

A

Lamellae

46
Q

How do cell digest invading bacteria

A

Lysosomes
Fuse with vesicles
Release digestive enzyme lysozymes

47
Q

Outline the role of organelles in production transportation of protein
(Do not include reference to transcription and translation)

A

Rough ER produces protein
Golgi apparatus process and packages proteins
Mitochondria release ATP for protein synthesis
Vesicles transport the protein

48
Q

Give two structures found in all prokaryotic cells and in all eukaryotic cells

A

Cell membrane
Ribosomes
DNA

49
Q

Outline the role of organelles in the production and releases of proteins from eukaryotic cells.
Do not refer to transcription or translation x4

A

DNA in nucleus codes for protein
Mitochondria produces ATP for protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus packages proteins
Vesicles transport
They fuse with the cell-surface membrane

50
Q

Which out of mitochondria and chloroplasts have
- double membrane
- starch grains
- diffusion of oxygen into organelle

A
  • both
  • chloroplasts
  • Mitochondria
51
Q

What is the liquid inside chloroplast cells called

A

Stroma

A Level Biology - Cells (6 decks)

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