Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Example of Eukaryotic organisms (3)

Answer 1

Animals
Plants
Fungi

Question 2

In all eukaryotic cells where is the DNA contained

Answer 2

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 3

What is the DNA wrapped around

Answer 3

Proteins called histones

Question 4

What do the DNA and the histone proteins form together

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

Why is the DNA coiled

Answer 5

To pack a great deal of DNA into the nucleus

Question 6

DNA is a linear molecule.
This means….

Answer 6

The ends of the DNA molecule in a chromosome are not joined together to form a loop

Question 7

What features do plants cells have that animal don’t

Answer 7

-cell wall
-permanent vacuole
-chloroplasts

Question 8

Which organelles is a eukaryotic cell are not membrane bond

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

What do scientists say about eukaryotic cells and ribosomes

Answer 9

Eukaryotic cells contain 80S ribosomes

Question 10

What is the function of a cell-surface membrain

Answer 10

Helps to control the molecules that can pass in and out of the cell

Question 11

Function of the cell wall

Answer 11

Helps the cell to maintain its structure

Question 12

In plants cells what is the cell wall made of

Answer 12

Polysaccharide cellulose

Question 13

In fungi what is the cell wall made of

Answer 13

Polysaccharide chitin

Question 14

What is the liquid inside the nucleus called

Answer 14

Nucleoplasm

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleolus

Answer 15

produces rRNA and ribosomes

Question 16

Structure of the nucleus

Answer 16

Double membrane aka nuclear envelope
With nuclear pores
Contains nucleolus

Question 17

Function of the nucleus

Answer 17

Contains genetic material/ DNA

Question 18

Structure of the cell membrane

Answer 18

Found surface of animal cell or within cell wall in plant cells
Usually made of lipids and proteins

Question 19

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 19

To allow substances to pass in and out of the cell
Receptors which respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 20

Structure Mitochondria

Answer 20

Contains double membrane the inner one is folded to form a structure called cristae
Contains enzymes inside

Question 21

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 21

Site if aerobic respiration
To release energy / produce ATP

Question 22

Structure of chloroplasts

Answer 22

Double membrane
Stacked membrane called grana
Grana linked by lamellae

Question 23

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 23

Carry out photosynthesis

Question 24

Structure of Golgi apparatus

Answer 24

A Group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs
Vesicles are often found nearby

Question 25

Function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 25

Packing of enzymes to be released from the cell
Modifies proteins

Question 26

Structure of Golgi vesicles

Answer 26

A small fluid filled sack in the cytoplasm 

Question 27

Function of Golgi vesicles

Answer 27

Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

Question 28

Structure lysosomes

Answer 28

Small circle with no internal structure

Question 29

Function of lysosomes

Answer 29

Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes
Digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell

Question 30

Structure ribosomes (where are they found)

Answer 30

Found attached to Rough ER

Question 31

Function of ribosomes

Answer 31

Site of protein synthesis

Question 32

Structure Rough ER

Answer 32

A system of membranes covered in ribosomes

Question 33

Function of Rough ER

Answer 33

Produces proteins
Joining amino acids

Question 34

Structure Smooth ER

Answer 34

Same as Rough but - ribosomes

Question 35

Function of Smooth ER

Answer 35

Synthesises and process lipids

Question 36

Cell wall structure

Answer 36

A rigid outer structure that surrounds cells in plant, algae, bacteria and fungi

Question 37

Function of cell wall

Answer 37

Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape

Question 38

What is the membrane surrounding the vacuole called

Answer 38

Tonoplast

Question 39

Function of cell vacuole

Answer 39

To help maintain pressure in the cell and keep the cell rigid
Isolation of unwanted chemicals

Question 40

What is the liquid inside the mitochondria called

Answer 40

Matrix

Question 41

What are the dots inside mitochondria called

Answer 41

Ribosomes

Question 42

What are the dots inside the nucleus called

Answer 42

Chromatin

Question 43

What is the membrane that makes up the granum called

Answer 43

Thylakoid

Question 44

What is a stack of thylakoids known as

Answer 44

Granum

Question 45

What is the name of the membrane that connects the Granum

Answer 45

Lamellae

Question 46

How do cell digest invading bacteria

Answer 46

Lysosomes
Fuse with vesicles
Release digestive enzyme lysozymes

Question 47

Outline the role of organelles in production transportation of protein
(Do not include reference to transcription and translation)

Answer 47

Rough ER produces protein
Golgi apparatus process and packages proteins
Mitochondria release ATP for protein synthesis
Vesicles transport the protein

Question 48

Give two structures found in all prokaryotic cells and in all eukaryotic cells

Answer 48

Cell membrane
Ribosomes
DNA

Question 49

Outline the role of organelles in the production and releases of proteins from eukaryotic cells.
Do not refer to transcription or translation x4

Answer 49

DNA in nucleus codes for protein
Mitochondria produces ATP for protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus packages proteins
Vesicles transport
They fuse with the cell-surface membrane

Question 50

Which out of mitochondria and chloroplasts have
- double membrane
- starch grains
- diffusion of oxygen into organelle

Answer 50

• both
• chloroplasts
• Mitochondria

Question 51

What is the liquid inside chloroplast cells called

Answer 51

Stroma