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HISTOLOGY > Structure of Periodontium > Flashcards

Structure of Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

what is periodontium

A

tissues that supports tooth

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2
Q

What are the calcified connective tissues present in periodontium

A

Cementum

Alveolar bone

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3
Q

what are the non calcified tissues present in Periodontium?

A

Lamina propria

Perio. Ligament

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4
Q

what is cementum

A

covering the root of a tooth that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament.

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5
Q

What is alveolar bone aka?

A

lamina dura

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6
Q

what is lamina propria

A

underlying connective tissues

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7
Q

What is line drawn at alveolar crest?

A

boundary between lamina propria and PDL

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8
Q

what do all 4 connective tissues have?

A

major matrix of type 1 collagen

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9
Q

what happens in Perio. disease?

A

periodontal tissue loss

alveolar bone degredation

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10
Q

what does mastication need?

A

occlusion and accuracy from wear of opp. teeth

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11
Q

What has periodontium evolved for ?

A

Shock absorber= protect enamel on crown

Allows continuous teeth eruption

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12
Q

What is lamina propria

A

fibrous connective tissue that insert into tooth and bone of alveolar crest

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13
Q

what do lamina propria fibres do?

A

hold attached gingiva to tooth

- attachment of gingiva to cuff= gingiva cuff

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14
Q

properties of junction epithelium?

A

non keratinised
stratitified squamous epitheliume
external/ internal basal lamina
upper surface= bond between gingiva and enamel

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15
Q

what do fibres below Junc. epithelium do ?

A

maintain strength of junction between tooth & gingiva

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16
Q

where does basal lamina deposit?

A

on enamel via hemi-desmosomes

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17
Q

what is free gingiva made of?

A

Oral epithelium
sulcular epithelium
Junction epithelium
connective tissue

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18
Q

What is cellular cementum

A

forms first and thin cover over whole root

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19
Q

what is accelular cementum

A

forms late and at root apex

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20
Q

What cells do cementum have?

A

Within= cementocytes

line surface= cementoblasts

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21
Q

what do cementoblasts do?

A

produce cementum matrix

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22
Q

what is matrix of cementum ?

A

HAP (found in bone/dentine/enamel)

intrinsic/extrinsic fibres- type 1 collagen

23
Q

Cementum comp?

A 
65%= inorganic
23%= organic
12%= water
24
Q

What 3 forms of Cementoenamel junction ?

A

1) cementum overlaps= 70%
2) butt join= 20%
3) gap between , dentine exposed so inc. sensitivity and caries = 10%

25
Q

what are incremental lines in cementum?

A

Lines of Salter

26
Q

what’s between cementoblasts and mineralised cementum?

A

pale layer of unmineralised pre cementum

27
Q

why does thickness of pre cementum constant?

A

matrix deposited on inner and periodontal surface at same rate

28
Q

What fibres can insert into cementum from unmineralised PDL?

A

Sharpeys fibres where becomes mineralised in cementum

29
Q

what was inserted fibre into cementum once called?

A

extrinsic fibres

30
Q

what are extrinsic fibres formed?

A

Periodontal fibroblasts

31
Q

what is mineralised matrix between extrinsic fibres?

A

Intrinsic cementum via cementoblasts

32
Q

What cells are in the periodontium?

A

Fibroblasts

  • cementoblasts
  • osteoblasts
  • osteoclasts
  • epithelial cells
  • macrophages
33
Q

What is matrix in periodontium?

A

Collagen
ground substances
Glycoproteins/proteoglycans
oxylatin

34
Q

What are small islands of epithelial celss?

A

cell rests of Malassez= remnant of development process of tooth root

35
Q

What are principal fibres?

A

bundles of collagen fibrils

36
Q

what is between collagen fibrils?

A

proteoglycans/glycoproteins

37
Q

what are the 5 collagen fibre types?

A 
Alveolar crest fibres
Horizontal fibres
Oblique
Apical
Inter-radicular
38
Q

what are alv. crest firbes?

A

run from alveolar crest to inser into cementum

39
Q

what are horizontal fibres?

A

bone to tooth

40
Q

what are oblique fibres?

A

radiate from root apex

41
Q

what are inter-radicular fibres?

A

multirooted tooth fibres run from inter radicular bone

- bone beneath roots

42
Q

How are principle fibres formed?

A

tropocollagen> 5 membered microfibrils> classical fibrils> bundles> principle fibre bundles

43
Q

What are oxytalan fibres ?

A

immature elastin fibres

44
Q

what is the cellularity of periodontal ligament?

A
  • many cell nuclei

- many fibroblasts= for connective tissues

45
Q

What are fibroblast features?

A

high RER for protein production

- high turnover rate for collagen

46
Q

how do periodontal ligament fibroblast degrade collagen?

A

phagocytic process

47
Q

what are rests of malassez?

A

leftover of tooth development processes

48
Q

what do PDL macrophages have?

A

microvilli
lysozymes
little RER or golgi

49
Q

what is the periodontal blood supply?

A

from superior and inferior alveolar artery

50
Q

what are the origin of capillaries in PDL?

A

Vessels in apex of tooth, intrabony spaces within alveolar

51
Q

what do capillaries in PDL form?

A

arterioles in gingivae

52
Q

what do capillaries/arterioles form?

A

plexus around socket wall

53
Q

what are features of Periodontal capillaries?

A

fenestrations for efficient diffusion/filtration

54
Q

What channels in socket wall called?

A

Volkmann’s canals- carry vessels between ligament & intrabony spaces so blood to ligament

HISTOLOGY (5 decks)

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