Structure Of Pericardium Flashcards
The heart is situated in the————,vertebrae level———
middle mediastinum; T5-T8 vertebral level
The heart is placed more towards ——-of the midline and almost hidden by the——- and covered by——-
- left
- lungs
- pericardium
Measures ——cm and weighs—— in males and—— in females
12X9 cm
300g male
250g female
thoracic cavity divided into:
1) ———-, where lungs are present, and
2) ———-.
1) the pulmonary cavities
2) mediastinum
middle partition between the pulmonary cavities
Mediastinum
The mediastinum is located between
the 2 pleural cavities (each one enclose 1 lung)
Both pericardium + heart are in
middle mediastinum
pericardium attached to the—— below
and attached to the——- superiorly
diagram
great vessels
The great vessels are:
asending aorta,
pulmonary trunk,
superior and inferior vena ceva
The mediastinum is devided into
superoir and inferior ( at T4 vertebra)
Thet heart and pericardium is covered by the——— and the——- except a small part at ———-is covered by the sternum
plural cavity
lungs
4th + 5th costal cartilage level
Inferior mediastinum has —- parts
3parts: anterior, middle, posterior.
heart’s located in
middle of inferior mediastinum In between the lungs.
heart’s actually laying on a
diaphragm
Great vessels
Function
They take blood from the heart to lungs, and then from the lungs to hearts and from the to the rest of the body
Vena Cavas take blood———-, while the pulmonary artery and aorta————
- to the heart
- take blood away from the heart
heart is separated from the lungs by
pericardium and pleura .
The heart is surrounded by
lungs covered by pleura, and
sternum,
esophagus, and
aorta
Anterior to the heart
2/3 left;
1/3 right;
Sternum Left costal cartilages Intercostal muscles Pleural cavity Anterior ends of left 3-5ribs
Right;
Sternum
Right costal cartilages
Intercostal muscles
Pleural cavity
Posterior to heart
esophagus,
aorta, and
left pulmonary vein.
structures that separate the heart from the vertebral column
esophagus, aorta, and left pulmonary vein. These ( the posterior structures to the heart
Endocardium
Definition?
Formed by?
Innermost layer of the heart
-simple squamous epithelium
Myocardium
Outside the endocardium
Thick layer formed by cardiac muscle fibers
Epicardium
Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Outside of the visceral pericardium,.
This cavity collects blood, fluid,etc.
In normal conditions, what’s secreting the fluid in the pericardial
cavity?
epithelium lining the pericardium.
As the epithelium lining the epicardium and parietal pericardium
lined is simple squamous epithelium. They secret pericardial fluid
Pericardium is a closed sac has 2 layers and between them ?
1)fibrous pericardium
2)serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Fibroserous membrane that covers the heart and
beginning of great vessels
Serous pericardium has 2 layers
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Covers the heart closely
Between Parietal pericardium and
Visceral pericardium
Pericardial cavity= pericardiul fluid
Parietal pericardium
Outer layer of the serous pericardium
Parietal pericardium reflected onto the heart at
Root of vessels
Parietal pericardium has —— lines inner surface of parietal layer and out surface of visceral layer
Mesothelium
Fibrous pericardium joins with
Diaphragm
Inner surface of fibrous pericardium is lined by
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium continues with—— attached to —— anteriorly ,
It’s function ——
Walls of great vessels
Sternum
Protect heart
Pericardial sinuses
1) transverse pericardial sinus
2) oblique sinus
Transverse pericardial sinus lies between
————and
————-, and
————-
the pericardial layers covering aorta
pulmonary trunk anteriorly
pulmonary veins and SVC posterio
Oblique sinus lies between
pulmonary
veins behind the transverse sinus and left
atrium
Oblique sinus provides
extra space for
enlarging atria when receiving blood
Which arteries supply the pericardium?
It’s supplied on either side by
pericardicophrenic artery
pericardicophrenic artery is a
branch of the internal thoracic( mammary )on each side!.
nerve supply to the pericardium
the phrenic nerve C3 C5,which is
sensory, Which also a motor supply to diaphragm
Blood supply
1) internal thoracic (mammary) artery
2) pericardiacophrenic artery (mainly)
3) branch of musclophrenic artery
1) brachiocephalic vein
2) pericardiophrenic veins
Nerve supply to pericardium
Phrenic nerve c3-c5
Vagus nerve (unknown function)
Sympathetic (vasomotor) nerve
Pericardiophrenic vein function
carry blood from the pericardium to brachiocephalic veins
Pain sensations
carried by the phrenic
nerve is
referred to the
skin of the
supraclavicular region
of the same side
Borders and surfaces of the heart
Heart has 4 borders and 4 surfaces
Borders;superior, right, left, inferior border
Surfaces;
Apex formed by
left
ventricle
Apex Lies post to
Lt
5th intercostal
space-9 cm
from midline
Apex beat-felt-
mitral valve
closure
Right border formed by
Right atrium (mainly ) Partly right ventricle
Left border formed by
Left ventricle
Superior border formed by
Ventricles
Inferior bOrder AKA
Diaphragmatic border
Inferior border formed by
Right ventricle
Base posteriorly formed mainly by
Lt atrium but partly by Rt
atrium
Base
Level in standing and laying down
Standing T6-T9
Laying down T5-T8
The base of the heart extend from?
bifurcation of
pulmonary trunk to coronary
sulcus
Left pulmonary surface formed mainly by
Lt ventricle
Diaphragmatic surface formed mainly by
Lt ventricle
Right atrium definition / composed of
Interior- thin-walled smooth
posterior part (sinus venarum) and
rough anterior part
The rough part in the RA called
crista terminalis
crista terminalis muscular ridges called
musculi pectinati (pectinate muscles-ridges)
• In the interatrial septum ————- forms a———-
limbus fossa ovalis,
margin of fossa ovalis
Right Ventricle
Interior of the right ventricle?
rough inflow part (post part) and smooth outflow part-
infundibulum (ant part)
The rough part of RV
trabeculae carneae
Trabeculae carneae contains 3 components:
3 papillary muscles.
They’re anterior papillary muscle, posterior papillary muscle, & septal papillary muscle.
The number of papillary muscles is equal to
number of cusps in the tricuspid valve. Therefore there are 3 papillary muscles.
Trabecule a carnea (muscular ridges) contain 3 types of fibers
① Simple ridges
② Connect 2 ends and under them there’s space
3 Pilus “Big elevation of muscles a.k.a. pappilary muscle bridges”
Chordae tendenea have 2 ends one of the ends are attached to——- and the another end attached to the—
papilary muscle
valve between the R. A and R.V.
The valve between the R.A. and the R.V. is called
tricuspid valve
tricuspid valve called why?
Cuz it has 3 cusps (anterior, posterior, septal) and each one is attached to one of the papilary muscle and named after it
cusp attached to the septal muscle called
septal cusp
Septomarginal (moderator) band-
from interventricular septum to the base of anterior papillary
muscle
The tricuspid (TV; right atrioventricular) orifice is guarded by
tricuspid valve
tricuspid valve has
anterior, posterior and septal cusps
The cusps are
thin double folding of the endocardium
The chordae tendinae prevent
prolapse of the cusps into atria during systole (prevent blood
backflow)
The L.A receives
4 pulmonary veins,
2 on left section (superior + inferior) and
2 on the right side (superior and inferior)
pulmonary veins pumps
oxygenated blood to the L.V pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle through the left atrioventricular orifice guarded by the mitral valve
Oval depression (fossa lunata) with a margin is an impression of fossa ovalis ventricle seen on the interatrial septum from rt atrial side
T
Left auricle has
Pectinate muscle
Left atrium has smooth-walled part
Has and rough-walled auricle
pectinate veins
Four pulmonary vein open
T
Blood pressure is more in
left ventricle
L.V.
Rough part
Receives blood from L.A.
mitrial valve has
2 cusps anterior + posterior
papilary muscles of
LV
2 papilary muscles ant. + post.
After the blood enter the L.V.. it will turn
90 degree twice Ya3ni total 180 and enter the smooth part ((Called aortic vestibule))
Aortic vestibule-
smooth- walled antero-superior part- ventricle
outflow tract
Papillary muscles are
—-than that in right
ventricle
larger
Trabeculae carneae (muscle I
nflow
ridges) are —-compared to right ventricle
finer and numerous
Mitral valve
Two cusps
Mitral valve
Two cusps- posterior has—- surface area than the anterior
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