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Cardio anatomy > Structure Of Pericardium > Flashcards

Structure Of Pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is situated in the————,vertebrae level———

A

middle mediastinum; T5-T8 vertebral level

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2
Q

The heart is placed more towards ——-of the midline and almost hidden by the——- and covered by——-

A
  • left
  • lungs
  • pericardium
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3
Q

Measures ——cm and weighs—— in males and—— in females

A

12X9 cm

300g male

250g female

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4
Q

thoracic cavity divided into:

1) ———-, where lungs are present, and
2) ———-.

A

1) the pulmonary cavities

2) mediastinum

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5
Q

middle partition between the pulmonary cavities

A

Mediastinum

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6
Q

The mediastinum is located between

A

the 2 pleural cavities (each one enclose 1 lung)

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7
Q

Both pericardium + heart are in

A

middle mediastinum

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8
Q

pericardium attached to the—— below

and attached to the——- superiorly

A

diagram

great vessels

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9
Q

The great vessels are:

A

asending aorta,
pulmonary trunk,
superior and inferior vena ceva

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10
Q

The mediastinum is devided into

A

superoir and inferior ( at T4 vertebra)

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11
Q

Thet heart and pericardium is covered by the——— and the——- except a small part at ———-is covered by the sternum

A

plural cavity

lungs

4th + 5th costal cartilage level

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12
Q

Inferior mediastinum has —- parts

A

3parts: anterior, middle, posterior.

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13
Q

heart’s located in

A

middle of inferior mediastinum In between the lungs.

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14
Q

heart’s actually laying on a

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

Great vessels

Function

A

They take blood from the heart to lungs, and then from the lungs to hearts and from the to the rest of the body

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16
Q

Vena Cavas take blood———-, while the pulmonary artery and aorta————

A
  • to the heart

- take blood away from the heart

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17
Q

heart is separated from the lungs by

A

pericardium and pleura .

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18
Q

The heart is surrounded by

A

lungs covered by pleura, and
sternum,
esophagus, and
aorta

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19
Q

Anterior to the heart
2/3 left;
1/3 right;

A 
Sternum
Left costal cartilages
Intercostal muscles 
Pleural cavity
Anterior ends of left 3-5ribs

Right;

Sternum
Right costal cartilages
Intercostal muscles
Pleural cavity

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20
Q

Posterior to heart

A

esophagus,
aorta, and
left pulmonary vein.

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21
Q

structures that separate the heart from the vertebral column

A

esophagus, aorta, and left pulmonary vein. These ( the posterior structures to the heart

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22
Q

Endocardium
Definition?
Formed by?

A

Innermost layer of the heart

-simple squamous epithelium

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23
Q

Myocardium

A

Outside the endocardium

Thick layer formed by cardiac muscle fibers

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24
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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25
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Outside of the visceral pericardium,.

This cavity collects blood, fluid,etc.

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26
Q

In normal conditions, what’s secreting the fluid in the pericardial
cavity?

A

epithelium lining the pericardium.

As the epithelium lining the epicardium and parietal pericardium
lined is simple squamous epithelium. They secret pericardial fluid

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27
Q

Pericardium is a closed sac has 2 layers and between them ?

A

1)fibrous pericardium
2)serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity

Fibroserous membrane that covers the heart and
beginning of great vessels

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28
Q

Serous pericardium has 2 layers

A

Parietal pericardium

Visceral pericardium

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29
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Covers the heart closely

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30
Q

Between Parietal pericardium and

Visceral pericardium

A

Pericardial cavity= pericardiul fluid

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31
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Outer layer of the serous pericardium

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32
Q

Parietal pericardium reflected onto the heart at

A

Root of vessels

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33
Q

Parietal pericardium has —— lines inner surface of parietal layer and out surface of visceral layer

A

Mesothelium

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34
Q

Fibrous pericardium joins with

A

Diaphragm

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35
Q

Inner surface of fibrous pericardium is lined by

A

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

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36
Q

Fibrous pericardium continues with—— attached to —— anteriorly ,
It’s function ——

A

Walls of great vessels
Sternum
Protect heart

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37
Q

Pericardial sinuses

A

1) transverse pericardial sinus

2) oblique sinus

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38
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus lies between
————and
————-, and
————-

A

the pericardial layers covering aorta

pulmonary trunk anteriorly

pulmonary veins and SVC posterio

39
Q

Oblique sinus lies between

A

pulmonary
veins behind the transverse sinus and left
atrium

40
Q

Oblique sinus provides

A

extra space for

enlarging atria when receiving blood

41
Q

Which arteries supply the pericardium?

A

It’s supplied on either side by

pericardicophrenic artery

42
Q

pericardicophrenic artery is a

A

branch of the internal thoracic( mammary )on each side!.

43
Q

nerve supply to the pericardium

A

the phrenic nerve C3 C5,which is

sensory, Which also a motor supply to diaphragm

44
Q

Blood supply

A

1) internal thoracic (mammary) artery
2) pericardiacophrenic artery (mainly)
3) branch of musclophrenic artery

1) brachiocephalic vein
2) pericardiophrenic veins

45
Q

Nerve supply to pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve c3-c5
Vagus nerve (unknown function)
Sympathetic (vasomotor) nerve

46
Q

Pericardiophrenic vein function

A

carry blood from the pericardium to brachiocephalic veins

47
Q

Pain sensations
carried by the phrenic
nerve is

A

referred to the
skin of the
supraclavicular region
of the same side

48
Q

Borders and surfaces of the heart

A

Heart has 4 borders and 4 surfaces

Borders;superior, right, left, inferior border

Surfaces;

49
Q

Apex formed by

A

left

ventricle

50
Q

Apex Lies post to

A

Lt
5th intercostal
space-9 cm
from midline

51
Q

Apex beat-felt-

A

mitral valve

closure

52
Q

Right border formed by

A 
Right atrium (mainly )
Partly right ventricle
53
Q

Left border formed by

A

Left ventricle

54
Q

Superior border formed by

A

Ventricles

55
Q

Inferior bOrder AKA

A

Diaphragmatic border

56
Q

Inferior border formed by

A

Right ventricle

57
Q

Base posteriorly formed mainly by

A

Lt atrium but partly by Rt

atrium

58
Q

Base

Level in standing and laying down

A

Standing T6-T9

Laying down T5-T8

59
Q

The base of the heart extend from?

A

bifurcation of
pulmonary trunk to coronary
sulcus

60
Q

Left pulmonary surface formed mainly by

A

Lt ventricle

61
Q

Diaphragmatic surface formed mainly by

A

Lt ventricle

62
Q

Right atrium definition / composed of

A

Interior- thin-walled smooth
posterior part (sinus venarum) and
rough anterior part

63
Q

The rough part in the RA called

A

crista terminalis

64
Q

crista terminalis muscular ridges called

A

musculi pectinati (pectinate muscles-ridges)

65
Q

• In the interatrial septum ————- forms a———-

A

limbus fossa ovalis,

margin of fossa ovalis

66
Q

Right Ventricle

Interior of the right ventricle?

A

rough inflow part (post part) and smooth outflow part-

infundibulum (ant part)

67
Q

The rough part of RV

A

trabeculae carneae

68
Q

Trabeculae carneae contains 3 components:

A

3 papillary muscles.

They’re anterior papillary muscle, posterior papillary muscle, & septal papillary muscle.

69
Q

The number of papillary muscles is equal to

A

number of cusps in the tricuspid valve. Therefore there are 3 papillary muscles.

70
Q

Trabecule a carnea (muscular ridges) contain 3 types of fibers

A

① Simple ridges
② Connect 2 ends and under them there’s space
3 Pilus “Big elevation of muscles a.k.a. pappilary muscle bridges”

71
Q

Chordae tendenea have 2 ends one of the ends are attached to——- and the another end attached to the—

A

papilary muscle

valve between the R. A and R.V.

72
Q

The valve between the R.A. and the R.V. is called

A

tricuspid valve

73
Q

tricuspid valve called why?

A

Cuz it has 3 cusps (anterior, posterior, septal) and each one is attached to one of the papilary muscle and named after it

74
Q

cusp attached to the septal muscle called

A

septal cusp

75
Q

Septomarginal (moderator) band-

A

from interventricular septum to the base of anterior papillary
muscle

76
Q

The tricuspid (TV; right atrioventricular) orifice is guarded by

A

tricuspid valve

77
Q

tricuspid valve has

A

anterior, posterior and septal cusps

78
Q

The cusps are

A

thin double folding of the endocardium

79
Q

The chordae tendinae prevent

A

prolapse of the cusps into atria during systole (prevent blood
backflow)

80
Q

The L.A receives

A

4 pulmonary veins,
2 on left section (superior + inferior) and
2 on the right side (superior and inferior)

81
Q

pulmonary veins pumps

A

oxygenated blood to the L.V pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle through the left atrioventricular orifice guarded by the mitral valve

82
Q 
Oval depression (fossa
lunata) with a margin is an impression of fossa ovalis ventricle
seen on the interatrial septum from rt atrial side
A

T

83
Q

Left auricle has

A

Pectinate muscle

84
Q

Left atrium has smooth-walled part
Has and rough-walled auricle
pectinate veins
Four pulmonary vein open

A

T

85
Q

Blood pressure is more in

A

left ventricle

86
Q

L.V.

Rough part

A

Receives blood from L.A.

87
Q

mitrial valve has

A

2 cusps anterior + posterior

88
Q

papilary muscles of

LV

A

2 papilary muscles ant. + post.

89
Q

After the blood enter the L.V.. it will turn

A

90 degree twice Ya3ni total 180 and enter the smooth part ((Called aortic vestibule))

90
Q

Aortic vestibule-

A

smooth- walled antero-superior part- ventricle

outflow tract

91
Q

Papillary muscles are
—-than that in right
ventricle

A

larger

92
Q

Trabeculae carneae (muscle I
nflow
ridges) are —-compared to right ventricle

A

finer and numerous

93
Q

Mitral valve

A

Two cusps

94
Q

Mitral valve

Two cusps- posterior has—- surface area than the anterior

A

more

Cardio anatomy (5 decks)

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