Development Of Ventricles Flashcards
The ventricles develop from ———and ———-of tubular heart.
- primordial ventricle
- bulbus cordis
Primorddial ventricle is divided into left and right ventricles by the development of——-
interventricular septum.
Bulbus cordis is divided to two parts?
by?
infundibulum (Conus arteriosus)
aortic vestibule
bulbar septum.
primordial ventricle Contributes to left & right ventricle
proper (——-part of the ventricles)
rough
Bulbous cord is Contributes to the—— Part of left & right ventricles
smooth
The interventricular septum develops from
primordial interventricle
primordial interventricle, a crescentic muscular ridge from the floor of the———-, which grows towards——-
primordial ventricle
fused endocardial cushion
Growth of the primordial interventricular septum is due to?
enlargement of ventricular cavity
The primordial interventricular septum fails to reach the fused endocarddial cushion, leaving a———-between —————through which blood is——-
crescentic gap
them-interventricualr foramen,
shunted to left ventricle from right ventricle.
bulbus cordis gets divided into two parts with the development of left and right————- within it and absorbed into———
bulbar ridges
definitive ventricle
In the right ventricle the bulbus cordis is represented in the form of
conus arteriosus (Infundibulum)
in the left ventricle bulbus cordis is represented in the form of
as aortic vestibule.
The bulbar ridges fuse with
1)
2)
and contribute for the development of——-
1) each other and also with
2) fused endocardial cushion
membranous part of interventricular septum
The membranous part of the interventricular septum develops from
left and right bulbar ridges and down turned part of fused endocardial cushion.
This part of the interventricular septum will close the
interventricular foramen.
The ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk develop from
trucus arterious
trucus arterious
Single duct-like structure that divides into truncal ridges
A truncal ridge, which is arranged ——develop within truncus arteriosus and divides it into
spirally
ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
In fetal circulation there are three bypasses
1-1. Blood from umbilical vein enters——-, through——, without passing through
inferior vena cava(IVC)
ductus venosus
liver.
2.Blood from IVC enters ———-through ——bypassing pulmonary circulation.
left atrium
foramen ovale
3.Blood from pulmonary trunk enters the
—-through———, bypassing the pulmonary circulation
aorta
ductus arteriosus
Three bypass in fetal circulation are closed at birth
1.Umbilical vein and ductus venosus obliterate so that all the blood coming through ——will———
portal vein
pass through liver.
- Foramen ovale will be closed so the blood from IVC enters——-,——- and then flows through pulmonary trunk for pulmonary circulation.
right atrium, right ventricle
3.Ductus arteriosus obliterates(closed) and forms———-, which prevents ——-and facilitates——-
ligamentum arteriosum
mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and facilitates pulmonary circulation.
Changes in circulation at birth
1-The umbilical veins constrict and form the
ligamentum teres
Changes in circulation at birth
2-Valve at the beginning ductus venosus constricts so that
all blood will pass through liver
Changes in circulation at birth
3-Ductus arteriosus will obliterate preventing the blood flowing from
pulmonary trunk to aorta.
Changes in circulation at birth
4-Increased blood return to—— through——
left atrium
pulmonary veins
5-Foramen ovale will be closed as——— due to increase blood return from lungs
the pressure in left ventricle increased
Congenital anomalies of the heart
- Ventricular septal defects(VSDs)
a. Membranous VSD
b. Muscular VSD
c. Single ventricle or common ventricle
Membranous VSD
Incomplete closure of interventricular foramen (due to developmental failure of formation of membranous part of the interventricular septum) result in membranus VSD.
Muscular VSD
Less common type of defect
occur due to excessive cavitation of myocardial tissue during development of the ventricular walls and muscular part of the interventricular septum.
Single ventricle or common ventricle:
Developmental failure of interventricular septum formation will results in heart with three chambers (cor triloculare biatrium). Aorta and pulmonary trunk arise from single ventricle, great arteries will be transposed in their positio
Congenital anomalies of the heart
- Developmental defects in great arteries (Pulmonary trunk and Aorta):
a. Persistent truncus arteriosus
b. Aorticopulmonary septal defect
c. Transposition of great arteries
d. Pulmonary Atresia
e. Aortic stenonsis and Atresia
Persistent truncus arteriosus
results from failure of normal division of truncus arteriosus into aorta and pulmonary trunk. A VSD is always associated with this defect, and truncus arteriosus overrides VSD.
Aorticopulmonary septal defect:
there will be an opening (Aortic Window), between aorta and pulmonary trunk near the arotic valve. This results from localized defect in the formation of aorticopulmonary septum.
Transposition of great arteries and patent ductus arteriosus
This is the most common cause of—— in newborn infants
cyanotic heart disease
Transposition of great arteries and patent ductus arteriosus
?
