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Cardio anatomy > Microscopic Structure Of BV > Flashcards

Microscopic Structure Of BV Flashcards

1
Q

Large elastic arteries leave the

heart and branch to form

A

muscular arteries.

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2
Q

muscular arteries branch further
and enter—— , where they
branch much further to form

A

organs

arterioles

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3
Q

arterioles branch into the

smallest vessels, the———

A

capillaries

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4
Q

capillaries are

A

the site of exchange between
blood and surrounding tissue.

smallest vessels

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5
Q

Capillaries then merge to form

A

venules

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6
Q

Venules merge further into—-
and then———sized
veins.

A

small

medium

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7
Q

small
and then medium vein leave organs, form
————which eventually
bring blood——

A

larger veins

back to the heart.

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8
Q

In the basic structure of any vessel there are three layers:

A

1) tunica intima (the inner layer)
2) tunica media
3) tunica adventitia /externa (The Outer layer)

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9
Q

tunica intima

A

the inner layer: Endothelial cells and sub-endothelial connective tissue

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10
Q

tunica media

A

elastic fibers and smooth muscles (thicker than intima )

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11
Q

tunica adventitia /externa

A

The Outer layer: A connective tissue layer , continues with the connective tissues surrounding the blood vessel.

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12
Q

Mention large elastic arteries?

A

the ascending / arch / descending aorta

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13
Q

large size arteries ,and because of the ———they are also called elastic arteries

A

large amount of elastic fibers

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14
Q

muscular arteries.

the tunica media of these arteries have

A

large amounts of smooth

muscles

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15
Q

muscular arteries further divided into arterioles , which have a

A

very thin tunica media

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16
Q

The capillaries is only an

A

endothelium supported by a basement membrane , no other layers

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17
Q

small and then medium—sized veins (Have—- amount of muscles in Tunica media )

A

Less

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18
Q

The most important feature in Large size veins (e.g. IVC) is the presence of

A

smooth muscle fibers in tunica externa (only in this type of veins)

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19
Q

Walls of both arteries and veins have a—————,

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa (or adventitia)

endoca

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20
Q

artery has a thicker ——and relatively narrow——-.

A

tunica media

lumen

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21
Q

vein has a larger——— and its——- is the thickest layer.

A

lumen

tunica externa

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22
Q

The tunica intima of veins is often folded to form

A

valves.

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23
Q

True or false

Capillaries have only an endothelium, with no subendothelial layer or other tunics.

A

T

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24
Q

line the tunica intima

A

Simple squamous endothelial cells

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25
Q

tunica intima has

A

-endothelial cells
-subendothelial loose
connective tissue

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26
Q

tunica intima is separated from the tunica media by

A

internal elastic lamina (IEL)

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27
Q

internal elastic lamina (IEL)

A

prominent sheet of elastin.

28
Q

The media (M) contains

A

elastic lamellae and fibers (EF) and multiple layers of smooth muscle

29
Q

The tunica media is—— in large arteries than veins, with relatively more elastin.

A

thicker

30
Q

Elastic fibers are also present in the tunica adventitia (A), which is relatively —-in large veins.

A

thicker

31
Q

Vasa vasorum (V) are seen in

A

adventitia of the aorta.

32
Q

The connective tissue of the adventitia always merges with the

A

less dense connective tissue around it.

33
Q

large elastic arteries

tunica media consists mainly

A

elastic fibers

34
Q

if muscular arteries

tunica media consists mainly

A

Smooth muscles fibers

35
Q

larger vessels, as the

A

aorta

36
Q

Walls of the larger vessels contain in the tunica adventitia a

A

supply of
microvasculature to bring O2 and nutrients to local cells too far from the lumen to be
nourished by blood there.

-small sympathetic
nerves (N) for control of vasoconstriction.

37
Q

constitute the vasa vasorum (vessels of

vessels).

A

arterioles (A), capillaries and venules (V)

38
Q

The largest arteries contain

A

1-considerable elastic material and expand with blood when
the heart contracts.

2-thick tunica media (M)
consisting largely of many well developed elastic lamellae.

39
Q

Strong pressure of blood pulsating into such arteries during systole

A

expands the arterial wall,

reducing the pressure and allowing strong blood flow to continue during diastole.

40
Q

intima (I) of the empty aorta is typically—— and the adventitia (A) contains

A

folded

vasa vasorum.

41
Q 
medium sized artery shows a——
tunica media (M) consisting largely——
A

thick

smooth muscle fibers.

42
Q

Why so large sized arteries need elastic

the fibers ?

A

?

43
Q

Microvasculature arises to?

A

nutritional

needs of one organ or parts of one organ

44
Q

Microvasculature consists of blood vessels of

A

less than 0.5 mm

diameter.

45
Q

Microvessels include

A

arterioles

metarterioles( arterioles smaller
branches)

46
Q

Microvessels include arterioles and their smaller
branches called metarterioles in which the layer
of smooth muscle cells is dispersed as bands of
cells that act as?

A

precapillary sphincters.

47
Q

The distal portion of the metarteriole, sometimes

called a ——— and it lacks—-

A

thoroughfare channel,

any smooth
muscles
muscle cells.

48
Q

The wall of capillaries lacks

A

smooth muscle cells

altogether.

49
Q

The precapillary sphincters allow blood to enter
the ——in a ——manner for
maximally efficient exchange of nutrients,
wastes, O2, and CO2 across the capillary wall.

A

the bed of capillaries

pulsatile

50
Q

Capillaries and the metarteriole converge as
——-, the last component of the
microvasculature.
Blood enters microvasculature
well—oxygenated and leaves poorly oxygenated.

A

postcapillary venules

51
Q

——-make up the microvasculature where in almost every organ, exchange takes place between blood and the interstitial fluid of the tissues.

A

Arterioles (A), small capillaries (C) and venules (V)

52
Q

Arterioles are microvessels with a tunica intima (I) that consists only of the ——- in which the cells may have——

A

endothelium

rounded nuclei.

53
Q

Arterioles have tunica media (M) with only———-, and usually——, inconspicuous adventitia (Ad).

A

one or two layers of smooth muscle

thin

54
Q

Capillaries consist only of an endothelium rolled as a tube, across which molecular exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluid.

A

T

55
Q

Capillaries are normally associated with perivascular contractile cells called ——which have a variety of functions. The more—— nuclei belong to endothelial cells.

A

pericytes (P)

flattened

56
Q

Capillary—- wall of one endothelial cell covered by an external lamina (arrows).

Endothelial cells have numerous—— vesicles and their edges overlap and are bound tightly together with——-

A

thin

transcytotic vesicles

occluding junctions (J).

57
Q

Pericytes can proliferate to form ——-when a capillary is transformed into an——

A

smooth muscle cells

arteriole or venule after tissue injury and repair.

58
Q

Types of capillaries

A

(a) : Continuous capillaries,
(b) : Fenestrated capillaries
(c) : Sinusoids

59
Q

Continuous capillaries, the most common type, have?

A

tight, occluding junctions sealing the intercellular clefts between all the endothelial cells to produce minimal fluid leakage

60
Q

Continuous capillaries,

All molecules exchanged across the endothelium must cross the cells by

A

diffusion or transcytosis.

61
Q

Fenestrated capillaries have——-, but perforations (fenestrae) through the endothelial cells——

A

tight junctions

allow greater exchange across the endothelium.

62
Q

Fenestrated capillaries,

external lamina is

A

continuous in both a and b

63
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are found in organs where molecular exchange with the blood is important, such as

A

1) endocrine organs,
2) intestinal walls, and
3) choroid plexus.

64
Q

Sinusoids usually have a

A

1) wider diameter
2) discontinuities between the endothelial cells, large fenestrae through the cells,
3) partial, discontinuous basement membrane.

65
Q

Sinusoids are found in organs where ———and cells occurs readily between tissue and blood, such as in

A

exchange of macromolecules

bone marrow, liver, and spleen.

66
Q

Continuous capillary

A

tight or occluding junctions

Numerous transcytotic vesicles are evident (small arrows).

67
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are specialized for uptake of molecules such as——— or
for outflow of molecules such as in the—-

A

hormones in endocrine glands

kidney’s filtration system.

Cardio anatomy (5 decks)

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