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Chemsitry > Structure Of Ions And Atoms > Flashcards

Structure Of Ions And Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The atomic number is the number of protons in an element

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2
Q

What is an ion?

A

Ions are formed when the number of protons in an atom does not equal the number of electrons. An ion therefore is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and therefore has a negative or positive charge.

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3
Q

What is a protons relative charge?

A

+1

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4
Q

What is an electrons relative mass?

A

1
——
1836

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5
Q

What are the charges of groups 1,2 and 3?

A

Group 1- 1+
Group 2- 2+
Group 3- 3+

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6
Q

What are the charges of non-metals in groups 5,6 and 7?

A

Group 5- 1-
Group 6- 2-
Group 7- 3-

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7
Q

What is the charge of hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen- 1+

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8
Q

Which group are the alkali metals in?

A

Group 1

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9
Q

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

A
  • moves across the water with speed
  • effervescing
  • releasing gas
  • purple ph
  • floating
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10
Q

Reaction of sodium and water?

A
  • curled into a ball
  • low melting point- so melted
  • effervescence
  • releases gas
  • purple ph
  • reaction more vigorous
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11
Q

Reaction between potassium and water:

A
  • lilac flame
  • moved across the water quickly
  • blue ph
  • ignited with hydrogen
  • floated
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12
Q

What is the pattern with alkali metals?

A

They get more reactive as they go down the group

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13
Q

Why are they called ‘alkali metals’?

A

Because they make an alkaline solution when they react with water.

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14
Q

lithium + water —>

A

lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

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15
Q

sodium + water —>

A

sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

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16
Q

potassium + water —>

A

potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

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17
Q

why do group 1 elements form an alkaline solution when they react with water?

A

Because the metal hydroxide is produced and subsequently dissolves in the water.

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18
Q

What would happen if rubidium and caesium were to react with water?

A

There would be a larger flame and it would be ignited more. It would release more gas and move quicker along the water.

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19
Q

If a metal is below hydrogen on the reactivity series, what will it not react with?

A

A metal that is below hydrogen will not react with dilute acids.

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20
Q

What is the general equation for the reaction of a metal with acid?

A

Metal + Acid —> Salt + Hydrogen

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21
Q

Magnesium + hydrochloric acid

A

Magnesium chloride

22
Q

Magnesium + sulphuric acid

A

Magnesium sulphate

23
Q

Magnesium + nitric acid

A

Magnesium nitrate

24
Q

Zinc + hydrochloric acid

A

Zinc hydroxide

25
Q

Sodium + hydrochloric acid

A

Sodium hydroxide

26
Q

Calcium + hydrochloric acid

A

Calcium hydroxide

27
Q

Zinc + sulfuric acid

A

Zinc sulphate

28
Q

Sodium + sulfuric acid

A

Sodium sulfate

29
Q

Calcium + sulfuric acid

A

Calcium sulphate

30
Q

Zinc + nitric acid

A

Zinc nitrate

31
Q

Sodium + nitric acid

A

Sodium nitrate

32
Q

Calcium + nitric acid

A

Calcium nitrate

33
Q

Iron + sulfuric acid —> ?

A

Iron + sulphuric acid —> iron sulphate + hydrogen

34
Q

What is the order of metals in the reactivity series?

A

P
S
L
C
M
A
Z
I
L
C
S
G

35
Q

Why is aluminium high in the reactivity series yet unreactive?

A

It has a protective layer of aluminium oxide which quickly forms on its surface, which stops it reacting. Aluminium can be used to build aeroplanes and saucepans.

36
Q

Aluminium + iron oxide —> ?

A

Aluminium oxide + iron

37
Q

How can a thermite reaction be used to weld railway tracks together?

A

Molten iron produced in the reaction flows out and can connect two pieces of track.

38
Q

What is a risk of using the thermite reaction on an industrial scale?

A

It is very dangerous because it produces lots of heat and sparks.

39
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxidation is when a substance has gained oxygen.

40
Q

If a substance has lost oxygen what has happened?

A

It has been reduced.

41
Q

Name a displacement reaction that will take place:

A

Zinc oxide + sodium —> zinc + sodium oxide

42
Q

Name a displacement reaction that will not take place:

A

Aluminium oxide + lead —> aluminium oxide + lead

43
Q

What is rusting?

A

Metals corrode when they are left in contact with air or water. Rusting is the oxidation reaction of iron with oxygen in the presence of water.

44
Q

What is the equation of iron rusting?

A

Iron + oxygen —> hydrated iron oxide
(water)

45
Q

Name 4 barrier methods to prevent things rusting:

A

Galvanising, paint, plastic/rubber coating, oil

46
Q

What does barrier methods do?

A

They stop air or water from reaching the iron.

47
Q

What is sacrificial protection?

A

Sacrificial protection is another way of preventing rust. It involves attaching big blocks of magnesium or zinc to the iron hull of a ship or water pipe. Because magnesium is more reactive than iron it corroded in preference to the iron, leaving the iron in contact.

48
Q

How does galvanising work?

A

Galvanising prevents rust in two ways. This involves covering the metal structure in a thin layer of zinc. The zinc creates a barrier between the metal and air and water. Because zinc is more reactive than iron, it also corrodes in preference to the iron, leaving it intact.

49
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons in an element?

A

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

50
Q

What can the mass number tell you?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

51
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

The number of protons and electrons in an atom.

Chemsitry (4 decks)

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