Structure of eukaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the cell-surface membrane

A

Structure:
-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
-Selectively permeable so enables control of passage of substances in and out of cells

Function:
-Barrier between internal and external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the nucleus

A

-Nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleolus , DNA
-controls the cells activity through transcription on mRNA
-Nuclear pores allows substances e.g. mRNA to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
-Nucleolus makes ribosomes which are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the mitochondria

A

Structure:
Double membrane – inner membrane folded to form cristae.

Matrix containing small 70S ribosomes, small circular DNA and enzymes
involved in aerobic respiration (glycolysis).

Function
- Site of aerobic respiration producing ATP for energy release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Structure
3 or more fluid filled membrane bound sacs with vesicles at edge

Function:
Receives protein from rough endoplasmic reticulum

Modifies/processes protein

Packages into vesicles e.g. for transport to cell surface membrane for exocytosis

Also makes lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the structure and function of lysosomes

A

Structure:
Type of Golgi Vesicle containing lysozymes (hydrolytic enzymes)

Function:
Release of lysozymes to hydrolyse pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the Structure and function of ribosomes

A

Structure
Float free in cytoplasm or bound to rER. Made from 1 large and 1 small subunit.

Function
- Site of protein synthesis, specifically, translation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes bound by a system of membranes

Folds polypeptides to secondary / tertiary structure

Packages to vesicles, transport to the Golgi apparatus etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic
reticulum

A

System of membranes

function:
synthesises and processes lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Structure and function of chloroplasts (plants and algae)

A

Structure:
Thylakoid membranes are stacked up in some parts to form grana, which are linked by lamellae. These sit in the stroma and are surrounded by a double membrane. Also contains starch granules and circular DNA.

Function:
(Chlorophyll) absorbs light for photosynthesis to produce organic substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the Structure and function of the cell vacuole (plants)

A

Structure
Contains cell sap – a weak solution of sugars and salts. Surrounding membrane is
called the tonoplast.

Function
Maintains pressure in the cell (stop wilting)
Stores/isolates unwanted chemicals in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how specialised cells are organised in complex multicellular organisms

A

Specialised cell – the most basic functional subunit in all living organisms, specialised for a particular function

Tissue – Group of organised specialised cells; joined and working together to perform a particular function; often with the same origin

Organ – Group of organised different tissues; joined and working together to perform a particular function

Organ system – Group of organised organs; working together to perform a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how epithelial cells in the small intestine are specialised for efficient absorption.

A

Villi and microvilli increase surface area.

Lots of mitochondria to provide energy e.g. for active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly