structure of DNA & protein synthesis

Question 1

what is DNA?

Answer 1

a polymer made from four
different nucleotides

Question 2

what does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 2

a common sugar and
phosphate group with one of four different bases attached to the sugar

Question 3

what are the four bases?

Answer 3

A, C, G, T

Question 4

which bases pair with which?

Answer 4

A and T
C and G

Question 5

what is nucleotide an example of?

Answer 5

a monomer

Question 6

what does the order of bases control?

Answer 6

the order in which amino acids are coded

Question 7

what codes for an amino acid?

Answer 7

a sequence of three bases in the gene, a codon

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

messenger ribonucleic acid

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 10

what is DNA made up of?

Answer 10

repeating nucleotide units

Question 11

list 3 examples of proteins

Answer 11

-enzymes: amylase
-hormones: insulin
-structural proteins: collagen

Question 12

describe protein synthesis

Answer 12

1. the base sequence of the gene is copied into a complementary template molecule (mRNA)
2. the mRNA passes out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
3. the mRNA molecules attaches to a ribosome
4. amino acids are brought to the ribosome on carrier molecules (tRNA)
5. the ribosome reads the triplet of bases on the mRNA and uses it to join together the correct amino acids in the correct order

Question 13

where does transcription take place in?

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

where does translation take place in?

Answer 14

cytoplasm