Structure Of DNA Flashcards
What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
Nucleotide
What is the name of the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA?
Transcription
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis based on the genetic code provided by DNA?
Ribosome
A genome is made up of
Genes and other dna sequences that do not code for proteins
Gene definition
DNA sequences that code for proteins
What is a DNA nucleotide made up of
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base
What holds base pairs together
Weak hydrogen bonds
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA
Adenine- thymine
Guanine - cytosine
Sugar phosphate backbone
A repeating pattern made up of sugar - phosphate - sugar - phosphate
What side can new nucleotides be added to
3” prime end
Double helix structure
Double stranded anti parallel structure
How is a strand of dna linked
Sugar -phosphate backbone
Plasmid
Circular dna molecule found mostly in bacteria and yeast
Mitochondria
Membrane bound organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell
Nucleus
A membrane bound organelle that contains the chromosomes
Ribosome
Where protein syntheses takes place. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Made up of rRNA and proteins
Chromosome
Compacted organised dna found in the nucleus. Carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Eukaryotes
Include all plant animal and fungi
Prokaryotes
Include all bacteria and archea
Organisation of chromosomal dna in a prokaryote
A single circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids
Organisation of Chromosomal DNA In Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes all have liner chromosomes in the nucleus, which are tightly coiled and packed with histones (proteins)
Do eukaryotes have circular chromosomes
Yes in the mitochondria and chloroplasts
An example of a eukaryote that also has plasmids
Do eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes
Yes both
