Genomic Sequencing Flashcards
What can be determined in genomic sequencing? And how?
The sequence of nucleotide bases for individual genes and entire genomes
computer programs can be used to identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes.
What is bioinformatics essential for
Essential for the comparison of genomes across different species.
What does the comparison of genomes reveal?
Many genes are highly conserved across different organisms
What is phylogenetics? (2)
The study of evolutionary history and relationships
The sequence of events can be determined using sequence data and fossil evidence
What are the three domains of life identified through sequence comparison?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
What is sequence divergence used for? And what does it help with?
To estimate the time since lineages diverged
This helps in understanding evolutionary timelines.
List the main sequence of events in the evolution of life.
- Cells
- Last universal ancestor
- Prokaryotes
- Photosynthetic organisms
- Eukaryotes
- Multicellularity
- Animals
- Vertebrates
- Land plants
These events are determined using sequence data and fossil evidence.
molecular clocks summary and what do they show?
They assume a constant mutation rate and highlight differences in DNA or amino acid sequences.
They show when species diverged during evolution
What is pharmacogenetics? (2)
The use of genome information in the choice of drugs
It aids in selecting the most effective drugs and dosages based on an individual’s genome.
An individual’s genome can be analysed to predict the likelihood of developing certain _______.
diseases
What is personalized medicine?
Using an individual’s personal genome sequence to select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease
Have many genomes been sequenced?
Many genomes have been sequenced, particularly disease causing organisms, pest species and species that are important model organisms for research
What is genomics?
The study of genomes
What is bioinformatics and what is it used for ?
A fusion of molecular biology, statistical analysis, and computer technology to rapidly map and compare DNA sequences.
Used to investigate evolutionary theory, inheritance and personalised medicine
