Structure of cells Flashcards
List 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes have nucleus, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas prokaryotes do not.
What is the difference between the nucleus and the nucleolus?
E
Where would you find ribosomes and what is their function?
a very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER.
function - site where proteins are made
What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
RER surface is covered with ribosomes. Function of RER is to fold and process proteins that have been made at the ribosome.
SER isn’t covered with ribosomes. Function of SER is to synthesis and process lipids.
What occurs in the mitochondria?.
it is the site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.
What is the function of centrioles?
Involved with separation of chromosomes during cell division.
What is the difference between vesicles and lysosomes? Can you tell them apart in a diagram?.
Lysosomes are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes. They are only present in animal cells.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
It processes and packages lipids
Describe the Nucleus
A large organelle surrounded by a NUCLEAR ENVELOPE, which contains many PORES.
This nucleus contains chromatin and a structure called the nucleolus
What is the function of the nucleus?
- controls the cells activities
- DNA contains instructions to make proteins
- pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
- nucleolus make ribosomes
Describe a Lysosome.
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure.
What is the function of a lysosome?
• contains digestive enzymes
these are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane, and can be used to DIGEST INVADING CELLS or BREAK DOWN worn out components of the cell
Describe a Ribosome
A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
It is made up of proteins and RNA. It is not surrounded by a membrane
What is the function of a ribosome?
It is the site where proteins are made
