Structure of bone & cartilage

Question 1

what does the longbone consist of:

Answer 1

• diaphysis: shaft making main portion of bone - has a hollow cylinder of compact bone surrounding medullary cavity
• epiphysis: enlarged ends of bones, covered with thin layer of cartilage. central epiphysis contains spongy bone and so red bone marrow
• periosteum: dense, white, fibrous outer covering of bone

Question 2

structure of compact bone

Answer 2

compact bone consists of many similar units called osteons that run parallel to the long axis of the bone

Question 3

what does each ostean consist of

Answer 3

• central canal at its centre
• lamellae surrounds central canal: concentric layers of bony matrix
• lacunae: small spaces in matrix of lamellae
• an osteocyte that occupies each lacuna
• canaliculi: tiny canals running b/w lacunae
• at least one blood capillary

Question 4

structure of spongy bone

Answer 4

irregular arrangement of thin, bony plates called trabeculae

Question 5

structure of cartilage

Answer 5

made yp of protein fibres called collagen that are embedded in a matrix called chondrin. chondroblasts are located within the chondrin.

Question 6

structure of cartilage

Answer 6

made yp of protein fibres called collagen that are embedded in a matrix called chondrin. chondroblasts are located within the chondrin. arrangement of collagen fibres determines what type of cartilage it will be

Question 7

hyaline cartilage: structure, purpose, example

Answer 7

• many closely packed collagenous fibres
• fibres are so fine
• give cartilage strength and flexibility
• makes up rings of trachea and bronchi, and also found in articular cartilage at ends of bones

Question 8

elastic cartilage: structure, purpose, example

Answer 8

• conspicuous elastic fibres
• also contains collagenous fibres, but not so closely packed
• provides flexible elastic support
• external ear

Question 9

fibrocartilage: structure, purpose, example

Answer 9

• coarse appearance from parallel bunches of thick collagenous fibres
• not as compact, so able to be compressed slight
• ideal for regions where the weight of body is being supported or where there’s a need to withstand immense pressure
• found in invertebreal discs of spinal column, meniscus of knee joint, pelvis