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Science - Atoms and Periodic Table > Structure of an Atom > Flashcards

Structure of an Atom Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Located in the center of an atom. Consists of protons and neutrons. Electrons surround the nucleus.

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2
Q

What is the center of an atom?

A

The nucleus.

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3
Q

What does the nucleus consist of?

A

Protons and neutrons.

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4
Q

What surrounds the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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5
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest piece of a matter that still has the properties of the element.

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6
Q

What is an element?

A

Matter that is composed of one type of atom.

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7
Q

How are elements abbreviated?

A

Elements are abbreviated in scientific shorthand - either a letter or a pair of letters call chemical symbols.

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8
Q

What are chemical symbols?

A

Letter or pair of letters used as scientific shorthand for elements. Examples: aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu).

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9
Q

Describe a proton.

A

It is part of the nucleus of an atom. It has a positive charge.

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10
Q

Describe an neutron.

A

It is part of the nucleus of an atom. It has a neutral or no charge.

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11
Q

Describe an electron.

A

They surround the nucleus of an atom. it has a negative charge.

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12
Q

What is a quark?

A

Smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons.

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13
Q

What are the six types of quarks?

A

Up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom. They are also known as flavors.

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14
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom.

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15
Q

How do you determine the number of valence electrons in a given element?

A

Look at the “group” within the Periodic Table. Within a group, the number of valence electrons remains the same. For example, hydrogen, lithium and sodium all have 1 valence electron. Flurine, chlorine and bromine have 7 valence electrons.

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16
Q

What are the exceptions related to valence electrons?

A

???

17
Q

What is the electron clound?

A

Also called “Quantum Model”, it is a model that shows electrons travelling in specific energy levels around a nucleus. Electrons closest to nucleus have low energy and electrons further away from nucleus have high energy.

18
Q

Where are low energy electrons located?

A

Closest to the nucleus.

19
Q

Where are high energy electrons located?

A

Farthest from the nucleus.

20
Q

What is a Quantum Model?

A

Same as an electron cloud. It is a model that shows electrons travelling in specific energy levels around a nucleus. Electrons closest to nucleus have low energy and electrons further away from nucleus have high energy.

21
Q

What is Atomic Mass?

A

Composed mostly of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The approximate number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

22
Q

What is Atomic Number?

A

The number of protons in an atom. The number of protons also identifies the element.

23
Q

What is Average Atomic Mass?

A

The weighted average mass of an element’s isotopes.

24
Q

Compare Atomic Mass vs. Atomic Number vs. Average Atomic Mass.

A

Atomic mass is associated with the number of neutrons and protons that are present in a nucleus. Atomic number is usually the number of protons in the nucleus. Average atomic mass is the weighted average of an element’s isotopes.

25
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Example: B10 (Boron - 10) and B11 (Boron - 11).

26
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons?

A

Number of neutrons equals the mass number minus atomic number.

27
Q

What are the maximum numbers of electrons each orbit can handle?

A

Level 1: max of 2 electrons
Level 2: max of 8 electrons
Level 3: max of 18 electrons
Level 4: max of 32 electrons

28
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that the last energy level can hold?

A

Eight. Exceptions: H and He are exceptions.

29
Q

Have you memorized the Common Mass Numbers?

A

Yes or no?

30
Q

Why is an atom mostly empty space?

A

The electron cloud area is very, very large and it has almost no mass.

31
Q

Where is the mass of an atom located?

A

Inside the nucleus (protons and neutrons).

Science - Atoms and Periodic Table (4 decks)

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