Structure for neuro

Question 1

What are the key components of a nerve

Answer 1

Axon
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Fascicle
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Vasa Nervorum
Nerve Endings

Question 2

What is an axon?

Answer 2

A long slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses

Question 3

What is the epineurium

Answer 3

The outermost layer encapsulating the entire nerve structure

Question 4

What is the myelin sheath

Answer 4

A layer of fatty substance that insulates the axon

Question 5

What are nodes of ranvier

Answer 5

gaps in myelin sheath facilitating saltatory conduction

Question 6

What are fascicles

Answer 6

A bundle of nerve fibres enveloped by the perineurium

Question 7

What is the endoneurium

Answer 7

A thin layer of connective tissue surrounding individual nerve fibres

Question 8

What is the perineurium

Answer 8

A protective sheath encasing a bundle of fascicles

Question 9

What is the vasa nervorum

Answer 9

Small blood vessels supplying nutrients and oxygen to the nerve tissues

Question 10

What are nerve endings

Answer 10

Specialised structures facilitating communication with other structures

Question 11

What is the function of the axon

Answer 11

Transmits electrical signals from the neuron’s cell body to synapses

Question 12

What is the function of the myelin sheath

Answer 12

Facilitates rapid transmission of electrical signal and protects the axon

Question 13

What is the function of the nodes of ranvier

Answer 13

Allows for faster transmission of nerve impulses by facilitating saltatory conduction

Question 14

What is the function of fascicles

Answer 14

Groups multiple nerve fibres together to form a structural unit within the peripheral nerve

Question 15

What is the function of the endoneurium

Answer 15

Provides support and protection to individual nerve fibres

Question 16

what is the function of the perineurium?

Answer 16

Offers protection to groups of fascicles and maintains the blood-nerve barrier

Question 17

What is the function of the epineurium

Answer 17

Offers overall protection and support to the nerve structure

Question 18

What is the function of the vasa nervorum

Answer 18

Facilitates the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the nerve tissues

Question 19

What is the function of nerve endings

Answer 19

Transmits sensory information to the CNS or initiates motor responses in peripheral tissues

Question 20

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 20

Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

Question 21

What are the subsystems of the somatic nervous system

Answer 21

Sensory neurons (afferent)
- exteroreceptive neurons
-proprioceptive neurons
- interoceptive neurons

Motor neurons (efferent)
- Alpha motor neurons
- Gamma motor neurons

Question 22

What are the subsystems of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 22

Parasympathetic nervous system
- CranioSacral Division
- PreGanglionic Neurons (Para)
- PastGanglionic Neurons
- Cholinergic Receptors

Sympathetic Nervous System
- Thoracolumbar Division
- PreGanglionic neurons
- PostGanglionic neurons
- Adrenic Receptors

Enteric Nervous System
- Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach’s Division)
- Submucosal Plexus (Meissner’s Plexus)

Question 23

What are areas / actions of the sympathetic NS (roots)

Answer 23

Dilates pupils (cervical)
Inhibits saliva production (cervical)
Dilates bronchia (cervical)
Rises heart rate (thoracic)
Inhibits the activity of the digestive system (thoracic)
Inhibits the activity of the pancreas (thoracic)
Inhibits the gallbladder (thoracic/lumbar)
Stimulates the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline and noradrenaline (lumbar)
Relaxes urinary bladder (lumbar)
Stimulates orgasm in genitals of man and woman (sacral)

Question 24

Parasympathetic Nervous system actions (roots)

Answer 24

Constricts pupils (cranial)
Increases saliva production (cranial)
Reduces the heart rate (cranial / cervical)
Constricts bronchia
Stimulates the activity of digestive organs
Stimulates the activity of the pancreas
Stimulates the gall bladder
Constricts urinary bladder
Stimulates erections of genital of man and woman

Question 25

What are the effects of the myelin sheath

Answer 25

Membranes aid information to be transmitted
The opening and closing of ion channels at nodes of Ranvier aid the continuation of signal