Structure Components Flashcards
Should a home inspector evaluate the adequacy of the structural components in the house?
No
What is the ratio of the total height of a roof to the total horizontal distance that the roof covers?
Pitch
What is the number of inches that a roof increases in height, rise, for every 12 inches of horizontal distance, run.
Slope
What is a condition that occurs when intersecting walls form a 90° angle.
Square or squared
The ability of a foundation to bear the live load and the dead load depends on the material on which the foundation sits.
In addition, materials differ in their ability to drain water and their tendency to expand or contract based on moisture content.
Review
Soil’s such as _____and _____ are good soil’s because they have good load bearing capacity, and allow water to drain quickly and do not change volume with changes in moisture..
Gravel and sand
Soil’s such as _____ and _____ are problematic soil’s
Organic clays and silt
Home inspector should be able to recognize when a ______ problem might be the result of a soil problem, and to recommend the appropriate expert to conduct further evaluation.
Foundation
The bottom footing should be at least _____ inches below understood ground and below the _____.
12 inches
local frost line
One piece steel screw jack columns are usually acceptable as permanent columns if they are _____.
Properly secured at the bottom.
The screw not to extend more than 3 inches
There is no agreed-upon standard for what constitutes a reportable crack in a footing.
A common guideline is that cracks exceeding _____ in width or _____ in vertical displacement should be considered for evaluation and repair.
¼”
There is no agreed-upon standard for what constitutes reportable rotation or bowing of a column or pier
A common guideline is the rotation exceeding _____ in _____ should be considered for evaluation and action.
¾ inches in 8 feet
Gravel and _____ may be installed under the basement floor
Vapor retarder
_____ is intended to stop the flow of liquid water under hydrostatic pressure.
Waterproofing
_____ is intended to stop the flow of water vapor in small amounts of liquid water not under hydrostatic pressure.
Damp proofing
Spalling could be structural if large amount of material are unsound.
What are possible causes
Water in wall from grading and gutter problems
poor quality or old foundation materials
Typical repairs of structural defects.
_____ are usually one or more rods or cables installed through a hole in a bowing or leaning wall in attempt to prevent further movement.
Tie back anchors
Tie back anchors are an attempt to prevent _____ and to ______ current position of the wall.
Further movement and to change
______ is evidence of a tie back anchor.
Plates attached to the interior wall
Helical anchor placed in an excavation in the yard is necessary for plate anchors.
No
How’s, they are necessary for tie back anchors
Crawlspace access opening requirements are _____ through the floor and _____ through a side wall.
18 x 24”
16 x 24”
Crawlspace access opening requirements are _____ if equipment requiring service and replacement is in the crawlspace.
22 x 30” like the attic
_____ appears as many small surface cracks that may look like irregular honeycomb
Crazing
_____ is when the finished surface of the concrete separates over several square inches or more
Spalling
The first floor system in _____ bears on the foundation. Subsequent floor systems for subsequent stories bear on top of the lower story walls
Platform Framing
The less common residential framing system is _____. The studs walls are erected first and bear on the foundation wall. The stud wall extends from the foundation to the ceiling joist.
Balloon framing
_____ and _____ are two most common products to use for floor sheathing in housing. You can also be used for roof and walls.
Plywood and OSB
Common species used for framing lumber available in the worst is?
Douglasfir
What is the maximum floor joist deflection?
D equals L divided by 360
A floor joist or beam should have at least _____ bearing on wood and at least _____ bearing on concrete or masonry
1 ½”
3”
The sill plate should be secured to the foundation. Bolts at least _____ in diameter or straps designed for the purpose should be spaced at least _____.
½”
6 feet
Sill plates. A bolt or strap should be located not more than ____ from the edge of each plate section and half inch bolts should not be closer than ____ to a plate joint
1 foot
3 ½”
Sill plate bolts should be installed in the _____ of the plate. They should also be at least _____ long.
Middle third
7”
Floor joist should be restrained against twisting by being attached to a full depth rim joist were the joist bear on the foundation. What is this lateral restraint called?
Blocking
Two types of lateral restraint or blocking is….
Joist hanger or band joist at joist ends.
Page 201
Cantilever supporting wall and roof. At least _____ back-span to _____ cantilever span.
3 feet to 1 feet
Openings in a floor system, for example stairways and chimneys, require _____ trimmer joists and header joists.
Only a single header is required if ______ wide.
Two
4’ or less
Plywood and OSB flooring should be installed with the long dimension _____ to the floor joist and extending across at least _____ joist.
Perpendicular
Three
Panels must be at least 24 inches wide
Floor joist notching. Notches may not be located _____ of the member span.
In the middle ⅓
Floor joist notching. Notch depth may not exceed _____ actual member depth except at the ends where the notch may not exceed ______.
1/6 D
¼ D
Floor joist notching. Notch length may not be longer than _____ of the actual member depth.
⅓ D
Floor joist boring. hole diameter may not exceed ______ actual member depth and may not be located within ______ from the edge of the member or another hole or notch.
⅓ D
2”
Joists and beams should have at least ______ wood bearing on wood and at least ______ wood bearing on masonry and concrete.
1 ½”
3”
Wood I-joist: no holes are allowed within _____ of the supports.
6”
Wood I-joist: the minimum distance between holes is usually _____ opening dimension.
Two times largest
Floor trusses: top and bottom horizontal members are called _____ and the members in the center are called ______.
Chords
Webs
_____ is intended to slow the horizontal spread of fire in houses.
Draftstopping
Draft stopping is usually required when there is usable space above and below an open area between stories that is more than _____.
1,000 sq ft
Common construction methods that require a draft stopping are floor trusses. Typical draft stopping membranes include _____ and _____.
½” thick drywall and
3/8” inch thick plywood or OSB
The purpose of _____ is to slow the spread of fire in concealed vertical spaces between stories.
Fire blocking.
Not to be confused with draft stopping
Horizontal fire blocking should be installed when the concealed horizontal space exceeds _____.
10 feet
Doors between the garage and the house should be at least 1-3/8” thick solid wood or should be fire rated _____.
20 minutes
Buildings closer than _____ to the lot line should have a one hour rated firewall on the side near the lot line.
5 feet
Buildings closer than _____ to the lot line should have no windows or doors on the side near the lot line.
3 feet
Evaluating the _____ a visible wall bracing is _____ for home inspection.
Adequacy
Out of scope
Identifying the _____ of visible walls bracing in exposed walls is _____ of a home inspection
Presents
Within the scope
Notches in studs in loadbearing walls may not exceed _____ of the actual stud depth.
25%
Notches in studs in non-load-bearing walls may not exceed ____ of the actual study depth
40%
Holes in studs in the loadbearing walls may not exceed _____ of the actual stud depth.
40%
Holes in studs in non-loadbearing walls may not exceed _____ of the actual study depth
60%
Holes in studs need to be at least _____ from stud edge
5/8”
The_____ roof is a triangle shaped with the rafters forming the legs, and the ceiling joist forming the base. The____ roof is one containing four roof sections to meet at the top Ridge.
gable
hip
The low slope, flat, roof is horizontal and usually rectangular roof. Any roof with a slope less than _____ is usually considered a low slope roof.
3/12
Other less common roof styles include the_____ roof and the_____ roof.
Gambrel (barn style)
mansard
Know valley, hip and jack rafters
P 241
When ceiling joists are installed perpendicular to the rafters, _____ should be installed between the rafters.
Rafter ties
______may be installed instead of rafter ties.
Kickers
Rafter ties should be installed using the same method as ceiling joist.
T or F
True
If ridge board not installed, _____ or _____ should be no more than _____ on center.
Collar tie
Ridge strap
4 feet on center
At least _____ of the rafter should be intact above the birds mouth cut.
Cantilever length max. ______.
3 ½”
2 feet
A ______ maybe used to support rafters that span too great a distance horizontally.
Purloin
The purlin brace, also called a strut, should be at least ______ and should be installed at a angle that is at least _____ to horizontal.
2x4
45 degrees
Install at most 4 feet on center
The span rating for plywood and OSB is stamped on each sheet as two number separated by a slash.
What did the two numbers mean?
First number is the maximum span between rafters when edge support is provided.
The second number is the maximum span between floor of joist.
Ed support for Ruth cheating is usually provided by metal clips often called H clips
Truss chord not Straight. Trust chord should be installed within ______ of being straight or within _____ of straight, which ever is smaller.
This is also the same for bowed truss
L/200
L is length of chord
Truss not plumb. Trusses should be installed within ______ of plumb or within _____ of plumb, which ever is smaller.
D/50
2”
Access should be provided to all attic spaces in which the attic floor area exceeds ______ and the vertical height at some point in the attic is ______ or more.
30 ft.²
30 inches
Attic access should be at least _______
22 x 30”.
The passage should be at least _____ wide, _______ high, and not more than ____ from the excess opening.
24 inches
30 inches
20 feet
A level service space at least_______ should be provided in front of all parts of the appliance that could require service.
30 inches wide and 30 inches deep
Plate anchors change current position of the wall being anchored.
T or F
False
