Structure & Bonding Flashcards
what does bonding mean/describe
how the electrons are distributed to make chemical bonds
what do noble gases do/have
- a full outer shell
- do not need to bond
- exist as single atoms and all exist as gases at room temperature
what is a covalent bond
the attraction between the positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons
bonding between individual molecules
is not covalent and is weak
why do simple covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points
- attraction between molecules and are very weak
* easy to separate the molecules
carbon exists in two forms / allotropes
diamond and graphite
structure and bonding of diamond
covalent bond, giant molecular lattice structure
bond of carbon as diamond
each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement
uses of diamond
- drill bits to cut through rocks
* jewellery
why are large amounts of energy required to break diamond
- covalent bonds extend through the crystal in a lattice
- each diamond is a single giant molecule
- large numbers of strong covalent bonds
graphite bonding and structure
covalent bond, layer lattice structure
how are the carbon atoms bonded in graphite
carbon atoms bonded covalently to 3 other carbons within layers to form a hexagon of atoms.
why is graphite soft and slippery
only weak intermolecular forces holding layers together so the layers of atoms can easily slide over eachother
what can graphite conduct
electricity
uses of graphite
lubricant, pencils, used as electrodes