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Chemistry > Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

what can elements consist of

A 
separate atoms (e.g helium)
simple covalent molecules (oxygen)
giant stuctures (diamond)
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2
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance that contains two or more substances chemically combined. the amounts of each element are in fixed proportions

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3
Q

how can a compound be broke down

A

by chemical means and not by physical methods

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4
Q

a compound may consist of

A
  • simple molecules (h2o water)
  • giant ionic structures (nacl)
  • giant covalent structures (sio2)
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5
Q

what is the atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus if an atom. it also tells you the number of electrons in the shells surrounding

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6
Q

what is the mass number

A

sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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7
Q

what is a positive ion

A

cation

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8
Q

what is a negative ion

A

anion

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9
Q

what is the group number

A

number of outer shell electrons

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10
Q

what is the electronic configuration

A

shows number of electrons in each shell

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11
Q

typical acid reactions

A

acid + alkali -> salt and water
acid + base -> salt and water
acid + carbonate -> salt and co2 and water
acid + metal -> salt and hydrogen

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12
Q

what is an acid solution

A

contains h+ ions. turns litmus red

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13
Q

what are alkalines

A

contain OH- ions. turn litmus blue

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14
Q

complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide and water

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15
Q

what is fractional distillation used for

A

separating liquids with similar boiling points

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16
Q

example of fractional distillation

A

separating water from ethanol

17
Q

what is using a separating funnel separate

A

immiscible liquids

18
Q

example for using a separating funnel

A

separating oil from water

19
Q

what does paper chromatography separate

A

separating the components in a mixture. mostly used to identify what is in a mixture

20
Q

example for paper chromatography

A

separating components of food colouring

21
Q

what is relative atomic mass

A

the ratio of average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom carbon 12

22
Q

what are isotopes

A

atoms of the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

23
Q

what do isotopes have similar

A

chemical properties

24
Q

how to work out the relative atomic mass of something

A

percentage multiplied by the number of carbons added together and divided by 100

25
Q

what is an element

A

substance that cannot be separated into anything simpler. it contains only one type of atom

Chemistry (17 decks)

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