Structure And Replication Of DNA Flashcards
1
Q
What does DNA stand for?
A
- deoxyribose nucleic acid
2
Q
What are nucleotides composed of?
A
- deoxyribose sugar
- phosphate
- a base
3
Q
What type bond makes the sugar/phosphate backbone?
A
- strong chemical bonds
4
Q
What are the base pairs?
A
- adenine thymine
- cytosine guanine
5
Q
What are the base pairs bonded by?
A
- weak hydrogen bonds
6
Q
What structure does DNA have?
A
- anti-parallel
- double helix
7
Q
What is DNA replicated by?
A
- DNA polymerase
8
Q
Requirements for DNA replication
A
- DNA template
- primers
- nucleotides
- enzymes
- ATP
9
Q
How is the leading strand replicated?
A
- continuously
10
Q
How is the lagging stand replicated?
A
- in fragments
11
Q
Why is the lagging stand replicated differently?
A
- nucleotides can only go 3’ to 5’ so its replicated in fragments with many primers
12
Q
How are fragments in replication joined?
A
- ligase
13
Q
What does PCR do?
A
- amplifies DNA in vitro using complementary primers
14
Q
What are the different heats the DNA is changed to?
A
- 92-98 to let the strands separate
- 50-60 so the primers can join
- 70-80 for heat tolerant polymerase replicate the region
15
Q
What is PCR used for?
A
- help solve crimes
- settle paternity suits
- diagnose genetic disorders
