Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
- a series of enzyme controlled reactions in 2 stages
Where does glycolysis occur?
- cytoplasm
What is glucose broken down to?
- pyruvate
What is energy investment?
- the first half of glycolysis
- ATP required
- involves the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
What is energy pay-off?
- second half of glycolysis
- involves the direct generation of ATP resulting in a net gain of ATP
What happens in aerobic conditions?
- pyruvate is brown down to an acetyl group and combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
- the matrix of the mitochondria
What need to be present for the citric acid cycle to occur?
- oxygen
What does acetyl coenzyme A combine with to form citrate?
- oxaloacetate
What does the cycle produce?
- generates ATP
- releases carbon dioxide
What happens during a series of enzyme controlled steps?
- citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate
What do dehydrogenase enzymes do?
- remove hydrogen ions and electrons from both glycolysis and citric acid cycle and passes them to coenzyme NAD forming NADH
Where are the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to?
- the electron transport chain
What is the election transport chain?
- a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
What does NADH do?
- passes it hydrogen ions and electrons down a series of electron acceptors releasing their energy
- that energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane by active transport
What drives the synthesis of the bulk of the ATP produced in respiration?
- the return flow of hydrogen ions by diffusion via the membrane protein, ATP synthesis
What is the final electron acceptor?
- oxygen
- combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to form water
What is ATP?
- the high energy compound which transfers energy
What happens when ADP combines with phosphate in phosphorylation?
- ATP produced building up energy and releases energy when broken down into ADP and phosphate once more
