Cellular Respiration Flashcards
1
Q
What is glycolysis?
A
- a series of enzyme controlled reactions in 2 stages
2
Q
Where does glycolysis occur?
A
- cytoplasm
3
Q
What is glucose broken down to?
A
- pyruvate
4
Q
What is energy investment?
A
- the first half of glycolysis
- ATP required
- involves the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
5
Q
What is energy pay-off?
A
- second half of glycolysis
- involves the direct generation of ATP resulting in a net gain of ATP
6
Q
What happens in aerobic conditions?
A
- pyruvate is brown down to an acetyl group and combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A
7
Q
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
A
- the matrix of the mitochondria
8
Q
What need to be present for the citric acid cycle to occur?
A
- oxygen
9
Q
What does acetyl coenzyme A combine with to form citrate?
A
- oxaloacetate
10
Q
What does the cycle produce?
A
- generates ATP
- releases carbon dioxide
11
Q
What happens during a series of enzyme controlled steps?
A
- citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate
12
Q
What do dehydrogenase enzymes do?
A
- remove hydrogen ions and electrons from both glycolysis and citric acid cycle and passes them to coenzyme NAD forming NADH
13
Q
Where are the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to?
A
- the electron transport chain
14
Q
What is the election transport chain?
A
- a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
15
Q
What does NADH do?
A
- passes it hydrogen ions and electrons down a series of electron acceptors releasing their energy
- that energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane by active transport
