Structure and Functions of the Musculo-skeletal System

Question 1

What are the Functions of the Skeletal system?

Answer 1

Movement
Support
Protection
Production of blood cells
Store minerals
Structure

Question 2

Describe the different parts of a synovial joint and their functions

Answer 2

Synovial Capsule: Fibrous, encloses the joint

Synovial Membrane: Produces synovial fluid which lubricates the joint and becomes more lubricating when it is warm. Moving regularly means that the synovial membrane produces more fluid

Cartilage: Lines the end of the bone, acts as a cushion/shock absorbing and stops bones from rubbing against each other. Has no blood supply, so it can’t re grow

Question 3

What are Ligaments?

Answer 3

• Stabilise joints
• Connect bone to bone

Question 4

What are tendons?

Answer 4

Muscle to bone

Question 5

What’s Bursae?

Answer 5

• Fluid filled sacks that prevent rubbing and damage of hard structures hitting onto softer structures

Question 6

Describe the contraction of the muscles in the arms during the downward and upward phases of a press up

Answer 6

Downward phase - Tricep is the agonist and the bicep is the antagonist. The tricep undergoes isotonic eccentric contraction as it lengthens.

Upward phase - Tricep is the agonist and bicep is the antagonist. Tricep undergoes isotonic concentric contraction as it shortens under tension.

Question 7

What’s isometric contraction?

Answer 7

Muscle stays same length under tension

Question 8

Describe the contraction at the elbow during the downward and upward phases of a tricep dip

Answer 8

Downward: Agonist is the tricep, isotonic eccentric contraction
Upward: Agonist is the tricep, isotonic concentric contraction