Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Tidal volume

Answer 1

Volume of air breathed in or out with each normal breath

Question 2

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 2

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 3

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation

Question 4

Residual volume

Answer 4

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation - prevents alveoli from collapsing/becoming damaged

Question 5

Name the apparatus used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs

Answer 5

Spirometer

Question 6

Describe the pathway of air

Answer 6

Nasal cavity (air is warmed) –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Bronchioles –> Alveoli

Question 7

Describe what happens in the body during inhalation (at rest)

Answer 7

• Diaphragm contracts and moves downwards
• Intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upwards and outwards
• This increases the size of the chest, decreasing air pressure inside it which sucks air into the lungs

Question 8

Describe what happens in the body during inhalation (during exercise)

Answer 8

• Inspiration is assisted by pectoral muscles and the sternocleidomastoid which help to life the ribs up and out even further

Question 9

Describe what happens in the body during exhalation (at rest)

Answer 9

• Diaphragm relaxes and moves back into its dome shape
• Intercostal muscles relax, so the ribs move inwards and downwards under their own weight

Question 10

Describe what happens in the body during exhalation (during exercise)

Answer 10

• Abdominals pull the ribs downwards and inwards even further

Question 11

Explain the role of haemoglobin

Answer 11

Haemoglobin carries oxygen to be exchanged at the working muscle and carbon dioxide to be exchanged at the lung.