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Physical Education > Structure and functions of the cardio- respiratory system > Flashcards

Structure and functions of the cardio- respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

How does air enter the body

A

Via the nose and mouth

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2
Q

what is the trachea surrounded by and why

A

Rings of cartilage to keep it’s shape and prevent it from collapsing

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3
Q

what happens in the trachea

A

Air from the nose and mouth enters the wind pipe ( called the Trachea)

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4
Q

what happens in the Bronchi

A

Air travels from the Trachea and to each lung via the bronchus. The passage of air gest smaller

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5
Q
A
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6
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7
Q
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8
Q

what is the term Bronchi

A

The term bronchi is for both the right and left bronchus

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9
Q

what happens in the Bronchioles

A

The smaller airways that branch off the bronchi are called Bronchioles.

Bronchioles branch out throughout the lungs and carry the air from the bronchi to the alveoli

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9
Q

what happens in the Alveoli

A

The bronchioles carry the air to the alveoli which are tiny air sacs.

They are attached to the bronchioles.

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10
Q

what exchange occurs in the Alveoli.

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at the Alveoli

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11
Q

What is the redistribution of blood

A

When we exercise blood is redistributed.

The working muscles need more oxygen than other inactive areas of the body such as the stomach.

Blood is diverted away from inactive areas to the working muscles.

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12
Q

What are featuresof the Alveoli that assist in gas exchange

A

Alveoli have very tiny air sacs with moist thin walls (Only one cell thick)–> short diffusion distance

Very large SA

Surround by a capillaries- provides a large blood supply to maintain concentration gradient

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13
Q

what happens in the Gas exchange

A

diffusion

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14
Q

How does air move in gaseous exchange

A

Air moves from a high concentration to areas of low concentration

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15
Q

how is oxygen moved into the blood

A

via diffusion

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16
Q

when oxygen is diffused into the blood what does it bind to and what does it form

A

binds to Haemoglobin
forms Oxyhaemoglobin

17
Q

Where is oxyhaemoglobin transported to and used for what activity

A

Transported to working muscles
Used for Aerobic activity

18
Q

During Aerobic activity what is produced and how is it removed from muscles

A

Carbon dioxide is produced
removed from muscles via Haemoglobin

19
Q

where does gaseous exchange occur

A

Alveoli- capillaries
Capillaries- muscle tissue

20
Q

Describe an Artery

A

-Thick Muscular walls
-small Lumen (Internal Diameter)
-Thick elastic walls
-carry blood at a high pressure
-carry blood away from the heart
-carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary Heart)

21
Q

Describe a Vein

A
  • Thin walls
  • large Lumen (internal Diameter)
  • Contains Valves
  • Carries blood at a low pressure
  • Carries deoxygenated blood (except Pulmonary Vein)
22
Q

Describe a Capillary

A

-Very thin walls (one cell thick)
- Small lumen (internal Diameter)
- Link smaller arteries with small Veins
-Allow gaseous exchange
-Carry blood at a low pressure

23
Q

Meaning of Vasoconstriction

A

Means that blood vessels dilate to make them smaller. Chemical changes signal the nervous system to constrict blood vessels to the inactive areas

24
Q

Meaning of Vasodilation

A

Means that the blood vessels dilate to make them bigger. Chemical changes signal the nervous system to dilate blood vessels that supply active areas.

25
Q

What is an example of an inactive area

A

Stomach

26
Q

Describe Inspiration

A

The diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles contract

The external intercostal muscles raise the ribs upwards and outwards.

This increases the volume of the chest cavity and causes air to rush into the lungs

27
Q

Describe Expiration

A

The Diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles relax

The internal intercoastal muscles contract this lowers the ribs downwards and inwards

This causes the volume of air in the chest cavity to decrease which causes the air to be forced out of the lungs

28
Q

What happens during inspiration during exercise

A

The pectorals and sternocleidomastoid muscles raise the sternum allowing the lungs to expand further.

29
Q

What happens during expiration during exercise

A

The rib cage is pulled down quicker due to the contraction of the abdominal muscles

30
Q

how do you work out cardiac output

A

cardiac output= Stroke volume X Heart Rate

31
Q

what is the definition of cardiac output

A

amount of blood leaving the heart per minute

32
Q

what is the definition of Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat

33
Q

what is the definition of Heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute

34
Q

Immediately before exercise what happens to your heart rate and what is this called.

A

Rapidly increases
this is called anticipatory rise- this happens due to the release of the hormone adrenaline

35
Q

when you begin exercise what happens

A

Heart rate increases
cardiac output increase

36
Q

What is Tidal Volume

A

The amount of air inspired (inhaled) or expired ( exhaled) in a normal breath

37
Q

What is Vital Capacity

A

The maximum amount of air the lungs can expire( breath out) after the maximum inspiration (breathe in)

38
Q

What is Expiratory Reverse Volume

A

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled. In addition to tidal volume

39
Q

What is inspiratory Reverse Volume

A

The maximum volume of air that can in inhaled in addition to Tidal Volume.

40
Q

What is Residual volume

A

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a forced maximal exhalation

41
Q

During exercise what happens

A

Tidal volume increase
Breathing rate and depth increases— to meet the demand for oxygen
carbon dioxide is removed

Physical Education (2 decks)

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