Structure and functions of the cardio- respiratory system Flashcards
How does air enter the body
Via the nose and mouth
what is the trachea surrounded by and why
Rings of cartilage to keep it’s shape and prevent it from collapsing
what happens in the trachea
Air from the nose and mouth enters the wind pipe ( called the Trachea)
what happens in the Bronchi
Air travels from the Trachea and to each lung via the bronchus. The passage of air gest smaller
what is the term Bronchi
The term bronchi is for both the right and left bronchus
what happens in the Bronchioles
The smaller airways that branch off the bronchi are called Bronchioles.
Bronchioles branch out throughout the lungs and carry the air from the bronchi to the alveoli
what happens in the Alveoli
The bronchioles carry the air to the alveoli which are tiny air sacs.
They are attached to the bronchioles.
what exchange occurs in the Alveoli.
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at the Alveoli
What is the redistribution of blood
When we exercise blood is redistributed.
The working muscles need more oxygen than other inactive areas of the body such as the stomach.
Blood is diverted away from inactive areas to the working muscles.
What are featuresof the Alveoli that assist in gas exchange
Alveoli have very tiny air sacs with moist thin walls (Only one cell thick)–> short diffusion distance
Very large SA
Surround by a capillaries- provides a large blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
what happens in the Gas exchange
diffusion
How does air move in gaseous exchange
Air moves from a high concentration to areas of low concentration
how is oxygen moved into the blood
via diffusion
when oxygen is diffused into the blood what does it bind to and what does it form
binds to Haemoglobin
forms Oxyhaemoglobin
Where is oxyhaemoglobin transported to and used for what activity
Transported to working muscles
Used for Aerobic activity
During Aerobic activity what is produced and how is it removed from muscles
Carbon dioxide is produced
removed from muscles via Haemoglobin
where does gaseous exchange occur
Alveoli- capillaries
Capillaries- muscle tissue
Describe an Artery
-Thick Muscular walls
-small Lumen (Internal Diameter)
-Thick elastic walls
-carry blood at a high pressure
-carry blood away from the heart
-carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary Heart)
Describe a Vein
- Thin walls
- large Lumen (internal Diameter)
- Contains Valves
- Carries blood at a low pressure
- Carries deoxygenated blood (except Pulmonary Vein)
Describe a Capillary
-Very thin walls (one cell thick)
- Small lumen (internal Diameter)
- Link smaller arteries with small Veins
-Allow gaseous exchange
-Carry blood at a low pressure
Meaning of Vasoconstriction
Means that blood vessels dilate to make them smaller. Chemical changes signal the nervous system to constrict blood vessels to the inactive areas
