STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEINS; COLLAGEN Flashcards
————- is a complex extracellular matrix
connective tissue
what are functions of connective tissue ?
Provides support and connecting frame work for all other tissues.
The ECM contains THREE major classes of biomolecules. What are they?
1.Structural proteins (Collagen, Elastin & Fibrillin.)
2.Specialized proteins (Fibronectin & Laminin.)
3.Proteoglycans.
what are the major functions of extracellular matrix (ECM)
Protection, Structural support, Connection & binding, Storage, Transportation, Immune function.
In human body connective tissue found in
skin, bone, tendons, cartilage, cornea, etc.
connective tissue produced by ?
Fibroblasts, muscle cells & epithelial cells
what is most abundant protein in human body?
Connective tissue
what are types of collagens based on location and functions?
Fibril-forming, Network-forming, Fibril-associated.
what type of structure does fibril-forming produces?
Rope-like structure.
What will links collagen fibrils to other components in ECM?
Fibril-associated
major types of collagen are how many are there and what are they?
4 types, type1, type2, type3, type4.
Type I is liked with what in human body?
Bone (production in osteogenesis imperfecta.)
Cartilage goes what type in collagen?
typeII
Cartilage goes what type in collagen?
type II
Reticulin -skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue goes under what type in collagen?
Type III
Type IV collagen found where in body
Basement membrane, basal lamina, lens.
a polypeptide chain residues by how many amino acid and it is held together by ?
approximately 1000 amino acid and hydrogen and disulfide bond
Three strands of polypeptide chains coiled around one another in a left-handed polyproline II helical conformation is what?
Triple helix
How many types of chains are collagen is composed of and what are they?
2 types, alpha-1 & alpha-2.
in type IV type of collagen what is responsible for secretion ?
Myofibroblasts.
what does glycine residues do to structure of collagen?
allow the protein to coil more tightly, since they fit on the inside of the helix.
what is super helical coil?
rope-like structure coiled together by 3 helices of collagen fiber.
GLY (glycine) residue is there in which place in collagen?
Every 3rd amino acid is a GLY residue.
what are X and Y amino acid in structure of collagen?
X is often proline or lysine ,
Y is often hydroxyproline (HPRO) or hydroxylysine (HLYS).
In translation collagen is processed through ____________
secretory pathway.
Fibroblasts lays down for _______________ chain fromation.
pre-pro-collagen α chain
in translation polypeptides synthesizes by what and it’s called as?
synthesized by ribosomes onRough endoplasmic reticulum RER, and called and per-pro-collagen.
how many types of synthesis of collagens are there in this ?
8
X of amin acid, prolines and lysine’s are hydroxylated to from
Y of amino acid, hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline
the hydroxylation is performed by what?
prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase
Function and product of hydroxylation are?
formation of stable triple helices.
Pro-collagen(pro-α chain).
what function in hydroxylation results in weak collagen chains?
Lack of lysyl hydroxylase
if in body we have lack of ascorbic acid (vit C) what it causes and how it is affected to body?
causes scurvy, swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing.
For formation of stable triple helices.
we required for___________.
Glycosylation
In Glycosylation Hydroxylysine residues are covalently ENZYMATICALLY bound to what type of carbohydrate units.
glucose & galactose.
how does Triple Helix structure forms?
By formation of disulfide bondsandhydrogen bondsbetween the threeα-chains
Function and product of Triple Helix structure is?
fibril formation (fibrillogenesis).
Procollagen (triple helix).
Exocytosis of thecollagentriple helix goes into the ————– space.
extracellular
Proteolytic Processing is Cleavageof theprocollagenat what terminus.
C and N terminus
Function and product of Exocytosis and Proteolytic Processing is?
Collagenmolecules become insoluble in water.
Product is Tropocollagen
what is the enzyme of Cross-Link Formation?
copper-dependentlysyl oxidase.
Cross-Link Formation is essential for achieving for __________
tensile strength
What are the function and product of Cross-Link of collagen synthesis?
subsequent fiber formation.
collagen fibrils.
Final product or end product of collagen synthesis is
collagen fiber
how does fibers forms?
Severalcollagen fibrilsaccumulate to form a thick bundle called fibers.
______________ is formed by cross-linking of hydroxylysine residues in adjacent tropocollagens.
collagen fibrils
Cross-linking of collagen increases with
increases with age
Problems with cross-linking leads to
Menkes disease.
Defects in any one of many steps in collagen fiber synthesis results in
genetic diseases
Type I collagen disorder is also known as
brittle bone syndrome
