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biochemistry > STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEINS; COLLAGEN > Flashcards

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEINS; COLLAGEN Flashcards

1
Q

————- is a complex extracellular matrix

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

what are functions of connective tissue ?

A

Provides support and connecting frame work for all other tissues.

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3
Q

The ECM contains THREE major classes of biomolecules. What are they?

A

1.Structural proteins (Collagen, Elastin & Fibrillin.)
2.Specialized proteins (Fibronectin & Laminin.)
3.Proteoglycans.

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4
Q

what are the major functions of extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

Protection, Structural support, Connection & binding, Storage, Transportation, Immune function.

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5
Q

In human body connective tissue found in

A

skin, bone, tendons, cartilage, cornea, etc.

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6
Q

connective tissue produced by ?

A

Fibroblasts, muscle cells & epithelial cells

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7
Q

what is most abundant protein in human body?

A

Connective tissue

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8
Q

what are types of collagens based on location and functions?

A

Fibril-forming, Network-forming, Fibril-associated.

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9
Q

what type of structure does fibril-forming produces?

A

Rope-like structure.

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10
Q

What will links collagen fibrils to other components in ECM?

A

Fibril-associated

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11
Q

major types of collagen are how many are there and what are they?

A

4 types, type1, type2, type3, type4.

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12
Q

Type I is liked with what in human body?

A

Bone (production in osteogenesis imperfecta.)

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13
Q

Cartilage goes what type in collagen?

A

typeII

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14
Q

Cartilage goes what type in collagen?

A

type II

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15
Q

Reticulin -skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue goes under what type in collagen?

A

Type III

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16
Q

Type IV collagen found where in body

A

Basement membrane, basal lamina, lens.

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17
Q

a polypeptide chain residues by how many amino acid and it is held together by ?

A

approximately 1000 amino acid and hydrogen and disulfide bond

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18
Q

Three strands of polypeptide chains coiled around one another in a left-handed polyproline II helical conformation is what?

A

Triple helix

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19
Q

How many types of chains are collagen is composed of and what are they?

A

2 types, alpha-1 & alpha-2.

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20
Q

in type IV type of collagen what is responsible for secretion ?

A

Myofibroblasts.

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21
Q

what does glycine residues do to structure of collagen?

A

allow the protein to coil more tightly, since they fit on the inside of the helix.

22
Q

what is super helical coil?

A

rope-like structure coiled together by 3 helices of collagen fiber.

23
Q

GLY (glycine) residue is there in which place in collagen?

A

Every 3rd amino acid is a GLY residue.

24
Q

what are X and Y amino acid in structure of collagen?

A

X is often proline or lysine ,
Y is often hydroxyproline (HPRO) or hydroxylysine (HLYS).

25
Q

In translation collagen is processed through ____________

A

secretory pathway.

26
Q

Fibroblasts lays down for _______________ chain fromation.

A

pre-pro-collagen α chain

27
Q

in translation polypeptides synthesizes by what and it’s called as?

A

synthesized by ribosomes onRough endoplasmic reticulum RER, and called and per-pro-collagen.

28
Q

how many types of synthesis of collagens are there in this ?

A

8

29
Q

X of amin acid, prolines and lysine’s are hydroxylated to from

A

Y of amino acid, hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline

30
Q

the hydroxylation is performed by what?

A

prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase

31
Q

Function and product of hydroxylation are?

A

formation of stable triple helices.
Pro-collagen(pro-α chain).

32
Q

what function in hydroxylation results in weak collagen chains?

A

Lack of lysyl hydroxylase

33
Q

if in body we have lack of ascorbic acid (vit C) what it causes and how it is affected to body?

A

causes scurvy, swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing.

34
Q

For formation of stable triple helices.
we required for___________.

A

Glycosylation

35
Q

In Glycosylation Hydroxylysine residues are covalently ENZYMATICALLY bound to what type of carbohydrate units.

A

glucose & galactose.

36
Q

how does Triple Helix structure forms?

A

By formation of disulfide bondsandhydrogen bondsbetween the threeα-chains

37
Q

Function and product of Triple Helix structure is?

A

fibril formation (fibrillogenesis).
Procollagen (triple helix).

38
Q

Exocytosis of thecollagentriple helix goes into the ————– space.

A

extracellular

39
Q

Proteolytic Processing is Cleavageof theprocollagenat what terminus.

A

C and N terminus

40
Q

Function and product of Exocytosis and Proteolytic Processing is?

A

Collagenmolecules become insoluble in water.
Product is Tropocollagen

41
Q

what is the enzyme of Cross-Link Formation?

A

copper-dependentlysyl oxidase.

42
Q

Cross-Link Formation is essential for achieving for __________

A

tensile strength

43
Q

What are the function and product of Cross-Link of collagen synthesis?

A

subsequent fiber formation.
collagen fibrils.

44
Q

Final product or end product of collagen synthesis is

A

collagen fiber

45
Q

how does fibers forms?

A

Severalcollagen fibrilsaccumulate to form a thick bundle called fibers.

46
Q

______________ is formed by cross-linking of hydroxylysine residues in adjacent tropocollagens.

A

collagen fibrils

47
Q

Cross-linking of collagen increases with

A

increases with age

48
Q

Problems with cross-linking leads to

A

Menkes disease.

49
Q

Defects in any one of many steps in collagen fiber synthesis results in

A

genetic diseases

50
Q

Type I collagen disorder is also known as

A

brittle bone syndrome

biochemistry (6 decks)

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