LIPIDS CHEMISTRY PART II Flashcards
What are esters of fatty acids containing other groups with alcohol and a fatty acid?
complex lipids.
complex lipids are made up of?
fatty acids with alcohol containing other groups like phosphate, nitrogenous base, carbohydrate, proteins etc.
The 3 groups of complex lipids are?
1.glycolipids
2.phospholipids
3.lipoproteins
phospholipids are made up of
F.A + Alcohol + Phosphate +nitrogenous base.
Glycolipids are made up of
F.A + Alcohol + Carbohydrate.
Lipoproteins are made up of
Lipid + Proteins
In glycerophospholipids alcohol is
Glycerol
In sphingophospholipids alcohol is
sphingosine
phospholipids are present mainly in the
liver, brain and also blood, myelin sheath of nerves is rich with phospholipids.
what all contains phospholipids.
Ever animal and plants cell contains.
The membranes bounding cells and subcellular organelles are mainly composed of
phospholipids.
Phospholipids are components of the lipoprotein coat essential for
secretion and transport of plasma lipoprotein complexes.
Phospholipids are lipotropic agents that prevent
Fatty liver.
Phospholipids are Important in digestion and absorption of _____________ and excretion of ____________.
digestion and absorption of neutral lipids and excretion of cholesterol in the bile.
Important function of Phospholipids are.
blood clotting and platelet aggregation.
phospholipids have ________ across the cell membrane.
single transduction
phospholipids are source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for synthesis of
eicosanoids
In what Phospholipids are found in in the form of lecithin’s.
All cells, milk, and egg yolk.
Phospholipids classified into 2 groups according to the type of alcohol present in it they are?
A-Glycerophospholipids.
B-Sphingophospholipids.
Sphingophospholipids also named as
Sphingomyelins.
Glycerophospholipids are the simplest type of phospholipids and include:
1.Phosphatidic acids
2.Lecithins
3.Cephalins
4.Plasmalogens
5.Inositides
6.Cardiolipin
Lung surfactant is an example of_________ and produced by ____________
glycerophospholipid, produced by type II alveolar cells.
how does Lung surfactant do work to the body?
It lowers alveolar surface tension and improves gas exchange besides activating macrophages to kill pathogens.
in premature babies if they didn’t get proper lung surfactant what will be they will sufferr from
respiratory distress syndrome
________________increase the synthesis of the surfactant complex and promote differentiation of lung cells.
Glucocorticoids
what contain carbohydrate residues with sphingosine as the alcohol and a very long-chain fatty acid
Glycolipids
Glycolipids are present in_________ and it also called as____________.
cerebral tissue and called as cerebrosides.
glycolipids classified into how many according to number and nature of the carbohydrate residues present in it?
classified into 3 they are cerebrosides, sulfatides, gangliosides.
Cerebrosides, Sulfatides, Gangliosides are contained of what?
Cerebrosides - have one galactose molecule
Sulfatides - They are cerebrosides with sulfate on the sugar (sulfated cerebrosides).
Gangliosides - have several sugar and sugar-amine residues.
what are transported in the blood as lipoproteins.
Triglycerides and cholesterol.
Lipoproteins are named according to their
density, which increases with the percentage of protein in the particle.
write composition of lipoproteins from least dense to most dense.
Chylomicrons < very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) < intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) < low-density lipoproteins (LDL) < high-density lipoproteins ( HDL)
write composition of lipoproteins from least dense to most dense.
Chylomicrons < very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) < intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) < low-density lipoproteins (LDL) < high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Lipoproteins are present in
cell membrane, mitochondria and plasma.
In lipoproteins Protein fractions are called as__________ and they include__________
apolipoproteins, apo A, B48, B100,C ,D and E
Chylomicrons transfer ________________ from the intestine to the liver.
dietary triglycerides
VLDL and LDL transfer _______________ from the liver to the rest of the body.
cholesterol
HDL transfer _______________ from the tissues back to the liver for disposal.
excess cholesterol
High LDL level is associated with ______________ & High HDL level protect against ____________.
coronary heart diseases, coronary heart diseases
Derived lipids are Derived from
simple or compound lipids by hydrolysis or precursors of lipids.
Steroids constitute an important class of __________.
biological compounds.
Steroids are usually found in ____________.
association with fat.
Steroids are derivatives of __________ and that is formed of ____________
cholesterol, steroid ring or nucleus
Biologically important groups of substances, which contain the steroid ring are
1.Sterols
2.Adrenal cortical hormones
3.Male and female sex hormones
4.Vitamin D group
5.Bile acids
6.Cardiac glycosides
Bile Acids are produced from________
oxidation of cholesterol
Bile Acids in liver producing__________ that are conjugated with___________.
cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids ,glycine or taurine T.
Bile Acids produce sodium or potassium bile salts by reacting with________________.
sodium or potassium
list some functions of bile acids?
1.Emulsification of lipids during digestion
2.Choleretic action (stimulate their own secretion; ↑ bile acids secretion).
3.Intestinal antiseptic that prevent putrefaction.
4.Solubilizing cholesterol in bile and prevent gall stone formation.
5.Solubilizing cholesterol in bile and prevent gall stone formation. Help in digestion of the other foodstuffs.
6.Activation of pancreatic lipase.
in what cholesterol is major sterol & found in?
animal tissues, bile (chol-bile).
in normal 65 kg adult how much cholesterol is present?
200 gm
major food sources of cholesterol is?
Egg yolk rich in cholesterol.
Steroids are called ________________ lipids, as they contain no fatty acids & can not form soaps.
non-saponifiable lipids
functions of cholesterol are?
1.Cholesterol & its esters are important components of cell membrane & lipoproteins.
2.Steroids with diverse physiological functions are derived from cholesterol.
7-dehydrocholesterol, derived from cholesterol, is the provitamin of_________.
vitamin D.
