C.M Electron transport chain

Question 1

Describe the double membrane structure of mitochondria?

Answer 1

inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembrane space.

Question 2

four protein complexes involved in the transfer of electrons by respiratory chain are?

Answer 2

NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), Succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II), Cytochrome b and c1 (Complex III), and Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV).

Question 3

ETC & ATP synthesis occur in all tissues that
contain?

Answer 3

mitochondria.

Question 4

Mitochondria outer membrane is permeable to most of the?

Answer 4

ions

Question 5

Mitochondria inner membrane is impermeable to most ions & molecules like?

Answer 5

H, Na, K, ATP, ADP and Pyruvate

Question 6

Matrix contains enzymes for oxidation of
Pyruvate, are?

Answer 6

Arachidonic acid (A.A), Fatty acids (F.A), Tricarboxylic acid (TCA),
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP).

Question 7

mtDNA and mtRNA full from?

Answer 7

mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial RNA.

Question 8

In which type of cell electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Answer 8

Eukaryotes.

Question 9

ETC location in mitochondria is?

Answer 9

In inner membrane

Question 10

The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) release their_______________ to carrier membrane proteins?

Answer 10

high energy electrons

Question 11

H+ ions move through ATP Synthase channel to generate the?

Answer 11

ATP.

Question 12

Oxygen is the_____________ acceptor in the chain and combines with the ____________.

Answer 12

final electron, H+ ions = H2O.

Question 13

Electrons carried by reduced coenzymes are passed through a chain of proteins & coenzymes to drive & generation of a _____________ across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 13

proton gradient. extra point (* Also, it is normally maintained across M i.m.)

Question 14

What happen to electrons as they pass down ETC?

Answer 14

lose their free energy.

Question 15

Energy is captured for the production of
ATP from?

Answer 15

free energy relished from electron gradient.

Question 16

Remainder of ΔG (free energy) is released as?

Answer 16

Heat.

Question 17

A lipid soluble coenzyme (Co Q) & a water soluble protein (Cyt c) shuttle between?

Answer 17

protein complexes.

Question 18

______________catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.

Answer 18

Complex V (ATP Synthase).

Question 19

The electricity generated by the ETC is used to run to?

Answer 19

proton pumps (translocators).

Question 20

Pumping any ion, such as Na+, across a membrane to?

Answer 20

Create a gradient.

Question 21

The 3 major complexes I, III, and IV all _____________
in this way as the electricity passes through them.

Answer 21

Translocate protons.

Question 22

If proton channels open, the protons run back into the matrix through what?

Answer 22

FO part of FOF1 ATP synthase complex.

Question 23

Such proton channels are part of the

Answer 23

oxidative phosphorylation complex.

Question 24

Electrons from Krebs cycle are passed to electron transport chain by

Answer 24

NADH & FADH2

Question 25

At end of the chain an enzyme combines electrons from the electron chain with ______________to form water.

Answer 25

H+ ions and oxygen .

Question 26

Each time 2 high-energy electrons transport down the ___________ their energy is used to transport __________ across the membrane.

Answer 26

electron chain, H+ ions.

Question 27

H+ ions build up in intermembrane space it is now ___________ charged, other side of membrane is _____________charged.

Answer 27

positively, negatively .

Question 28

______________ (Chemiosmotic gradient) created for is important for ATP synthase to work.

Answer 28

Electrochemical gradient .

Question 29

The energy created by the formation of this gradient is then utilized to form _________as the protons travel down their gradient into the matrix through. ____________.

Answer 29

ATP, ATP synthase channel (complex V).

Question 30

______________ acts to uncouple ATP formation from electron transport by removing/eliminating the proton gradient.

Answer 30

2, 4-dinitrophenol.

Question 31

As protons flow into the mitochondria through the FO component, their energy is used by the _____________(ATP synthase) to phosphorylate ADP using Pi (inorganic phosphate) to form. ______.

Answer 31

F1 component , ATP.

Question 32

The ratios of ATP are referred as ________ratios.

Answer 32

P/O RATIOS

Question 33

When an NADH is oxidized in the ETC, a __________ is contributed to the proton gradient for the phosphorylation of _________ by FOF1 ATP synthase.

Answer 33

sufficient energy, 2.5 - 3 ATP .

Question 34

_____________ provides enough energy for approximately 1.5 - 2 ATP.

Answer 34

FADH2 oxidation.

Question 35

If there is a block at any point in the electron transport chain, all carriers before the block will accumulate in their ____________ states, whereas those after the block will accumulate in their _______________ states.

Answer 35

reduced states, oxidized states.

Question 36

O2 will not be consumed; ATP will not be generated; and the TCA cycle will slow down owing to the accumulation of NADH what this condition is.

Answer 36

block at any point in the electron transport chain