C.M Electron transport chain Flashcards
Describe the double membrane structure of mitochondria?
inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembrane space.
four protein complexes involved in the transfer of electrons by respiratory chain are?
NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), Succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II), Cytochrome b and c1 (Complex III), and Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV).
ETC & ATP synthesis occur in all tissues that
contain?
mitochondria.
Mitochondria outer membrane is permeable to most of the?
ions
Mitochondria inner membrane is impermeable to most ions & molecules like?
H, Na, K, ATP, ADP and Pyruvate
Matrix contains enzymes for oxidation of
Pyruvate, are?
Arachidonic acid (A.A), Fatty acids (F.A), Tricarboxylic acid (TCA),
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP).
mtDNA and mtRNA full from?
mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial RNA.
In which type of cell electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Eukaryotes.
ETC location in mitochondria is?
In inner membrane
The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) release their_______________ to carrier membrane proteins?
high energy electrons
H+ ions move through ATP Synthase channel to generate the?
ATP.
Oxygen is the_____________ acceptor in the chain and combines with the ____________.
final electron, H+ ions = H2O.
Electrons carried by reduced coenzymes are passed through a chain of proteins & coenzymes to drive & generation of a _____________ across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
proton gradient. extra point (* Also, it is normally maintained across M i.m.)
What happen to electrons as they pass down ETC?
lose their free energy.
Energy is captured for the production of
ATP from?
free energy relished from electron gradient.
Remainder of ΔG (free energy) is released as?
Heat.
A lipid soluble coenzyme (Co Q) & a water soluble protein (Cyt c) shuttle between?
protein complexes.
______________catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
Complex V (ATP Synthase).
The electricity generated by the ETC is used to run to?
proton pumps (translocators).
Pumping any ion, such as Na+, across a membrane to?
Create a gradient.
The 3 major complexes I, III, and IV all _____________
in this way as the electricity passes through them.
Translocate protons.
If proton channels open, the protons run back into the matrix through what?
FO part of FOF1 ATP synthase complex.
Such proton channels are part of the
oxidative phosphorylation complex.
Electrons from Krebs cycle are passed to electron transport chain by
NADH & FADH2
At end of the chain an enzyme combines electrons from the electron chain with ______________to form water.
H+ ions and oxygen .
Each time 2 high-energy electrons transport down the ___________ their energy is used to transport __________ across the membrane.
electron chain, H+ ions.
H+ ions build up in intermembrane space it is now ___________ charged, other side of membrane is _____________charged.
positively, negatively .
______________ (Chemiosmotic gradient) created for is important for ATP synthase to work.
Electrochemical gradient .
The energy created by the formation of this gradient is then utilized to form _________as the protons travel down their gradient into the matrix through. ____________.
ATP, ATP synthase channel (complex V).
______________ acts to uncouple ATP formation from electron transport by removing/eliminating the proton gradient.
2, 4-dinitrophenol.
As protons flow into the mitochondria through the FO component, their energy is used by the _____________(ATP synthase) to phosphorylate ADP using Pi (inorganic phosphate) to form. ______.
F1 component , ATP.
The ratios of ATP are referred as ________ratios.
P/O RATIOS
When an NADH is oxidized in the ETC, a __________ is contributed to the proton gradient for the phosphorylation of _________ by FOF1 ATP synthase.
sufficient energy, 2.5 - 3 ATP .
_____________ provides enough energy for approximately 1.5 - 2 ATP.
FADH2 oxidation.
If there is a block at any point in the electron transport chain, all carriers before the block will accumulate in their ____________ states, whereas those after the block will accumulate in their _______________ states.
reduced states, oxidized states.
O2 will not be consumed; ATP will not be generated; and the TCA cycle will slow down owing to the accumulation of NADH what this condition is.
block at any point in the electron transport chain
